{"id":1000,"date":"2014-09-07T21:49:11","date_gmt":"2014-09-07T19:49:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/madcham.com\/wordpress\/?p=1000"},"modified":"2026-03-27T10:00:46","modified_gmt":"2026-03-27T09:00:46","slug":"parasiten","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/","title":{"rendered":"Parasites"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"dropcap\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Parasites are a very common problem in chameleons, particularly in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/wildfang-oder-nachzucht\/\">wild-caught<\/a> animals and those <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/wildfang-oder-nachzucht\/\">captive-bred<\/a> in large breeding facilities. Generally speaking, a distinction is made between endoparasites and ectoparasites. Endoparasites are those that colonise the inside of a chameleon. Ectoparasites, on the other hand, are found only on the chameleon\u2019s skin. Parasites vary in how \u2018disease-causing\u2019 they are for chameleons: some are very harmful even with a minor infestation, whilst others remain harmless for a long time.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This article aims to provide an overview of the most common parasites found in chameleons, including how they are transmitted, their life cycles and how they can be detected. <strong>No treatment options are recommended here, as both the diagnosis and treatment of a parasitic infestation should <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">always<\/span> be discussed with a vet specialising in reptiles.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Inhaltsverzeichnis<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69dcbeb7c6cbf\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69dcbeb7c6cbf\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Wie_stellt_man_fest_ob_ein_Chamaleon_Parasiten_hat\" >Wie stellt man fest, ob ein Cham\u00e4leon Parasiten hat?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Endoparasiten\" >Endoparasiten<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Kokzidien\" >Kokzidien<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Lebenszyklus\" >Lebenszyklus<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Welche_Probleme_bekommt_das_Chamaleon_von_Kokzidien\" >Welche Probleme bekommt das Cham\u00e4leon von Kokzidien?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Wie_bekommt_man_Kokzidien_wieder_weg\" >Wie bekommt man Kokzidien wieder weg?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Amoben\" >Am\u00f6ben<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Lebenszyklus-2\" >Lebenszyklus<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Welche_Probleme_bekommt_das_Chamaleon_von_Amoben\" >Welche Probleme bekommt das Cham\u00e4leon von Am\u00f6ben?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Wie_bekommt_man_Amoben_wieder_weg\" >Wie bekommt man Am\u00f6ben wieder weg?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Ciliaten_Wimperntierchen\" >Ciliaten (Wimperntierchen)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Lebenszyklus-3\" >Lebenszyklus<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Welche_Probleme_bekommt_das_Chamaleon_von_Ciliaten\" >Welche Probleme bekommt das Cham\u00e4leon von Ciliaten?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Wie_bekommt_man_Ciliaten_wieder_weg\" >Wie bekommt man Ciliaten wieder weg?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Flagellaten_Geiseltierchen\" >Flagellaten (Gei\u00dfeltierchen)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Lebenszyklus-4\" >Lebenszyklus<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Welche_Probleme_bekommt_das_Chamaleon_von_Flagellaten\" >Welche Probleme bekommt das Cham\u00e4leon von Flagellaten?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Wie_bekommt_man_Flagellaten_wieder_weg\" >Wie bekommt man Flagellaten wieder weg?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Trematoden_Saugwurmer\" >Trematoden (Saugw\u00fcrmer)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Lebenszyklus-5\" >Lebenszyklus<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Welche_Probleme_bekommt_das_Chamaleon_von_Trematoden\" >Welche Probleme bekommt das Cham\u00e4leon von Trematoden?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Wie_bekommt_man_Trematoden_wieder_weg\" >Wie bekommt man Trematoden wieder weg?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Cestoden_Bandwurmer\" >Cestoden (Bandw\u00fcrmer)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Lebenszyklus-6\" >Lebenszyklus<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Welche_Probleme_bekommt_das_Chamaleon_von_Bandwurmern\" >Welche Probleme bekommt das Cham\u00e4leon von Bandw\u00fcrmern?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Wie_bekommt_man_Bandwurmer_wieder_weg\" >Wie bekommt man Bandw\u00fcrmer wieder weg?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Nematoden_Faden-_oder_Rundwurmer\" >Nematoden (Faden- oder Rundw\u00fcrmer)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Nematoden_Rhabdiasidae_Lungenwurmer\" >Nematoden: Rhabdiasidae (Lungenw\u00fcrmer)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Lebenszyklus-7\" >Lebenszyklus<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Welche_Probleme_bekommt_das_Chamaleon_von_Lungenwurmern\" >Welche Probleme bekommt das Cham\u00e4leon von Lungenw\u00fcrmern?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Wie_bekommt_man_Lungenwurmer_wieder_weg\" >Wie bekommt man Lungenw\u00fcrmer wieder weg?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Nematoden_Strongylidae_Strongyliden_und_Molineoidae_Fadenwurmer\" >Nematoden: Strongylidae (Strongyliden) und Molineoidae (Fadenw\u00fcrmer)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Lebenszyklus-8\" >Lebenszyklus<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Welche_Probleme_bekommt_das_Chamaleon_von_Strongyliden_oder_Fadenwurmern\" >Welche Probleme bekommt das Cham\u00e4leon von Strongyliden oder Fadenw\u00fcrmern?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Wie_bekommt_man_Strongyliden_oder_Fadenwurmer_wieder_weg\" >Wie bekommt man Strongyliden oder Fadenw\u00fcrmer wieder weg?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Nematoden_Filarioidea_Filarien\" >Nematoden: Filarioidea (Filarien)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Lebenszyklus-9\" >Lebenszyklus<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Welche_Probleme_bekommt_das_Chamaleon_von_Filarien\" >Welche Probleme bekommt das Cham\u00e4leon von Filarien?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Wie_bekommt_man_Filarien_wieder_weg\" >Wie bekommt man Filarien wieder weg?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Nematoden_Ascaridida_Spulwurmer\" >Nematoden: Ascaridida (Spulw\u00fcrmer)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Lebenszyklus-10\" >Lebenszyklus<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Welche_Probleme_bekommt_das_Chamaleon_von_Spulwurmern\" >Welche Probleme bekommt das Cham\u00e4leon von Spulw\u00fcrmern?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Wie_bekommt_man_Spulwurmer_wieder_weg\" >Wie bekommt man Spulw\u00fcrmer wieder weg?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Nematoden_Oxyurida_Pfriemenschwanze\" >Nematoden: Oxyurida (Pfriemenschw\u00e4nze)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Lebenszyklus-11\" >Lebenszyklus<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Welche_Probleme_bekommt_das_Chamaleon_von_Pfriemenschwanzen\" >Welche Probleme bekommt das Cham\u00e4leon von Pfriemenschw\u00e4nzen?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Wie_bekommt_man_Pfriemenschwanze_wieder_weg\" >Wie bekommt man Pfriemenschw\u00e4nze wieder weg?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Ektoparasiten\" >Ektoparasiten<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Acari_Milben_und_Zecken\" >Acari (Milben und Zecken)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-50\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Milben\" >Milben<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Zecken\" >Zecken<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-52\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Hirudinea_Blutegel\" >Hirudinea (Blutegel)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-53\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#How_can_you_tell_if_a_chameleon_has_parasites\" >How can you tell if a chameleon has parasites?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-54\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Endoparasites\" >Endoparasites<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-55\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Coccidia\" >Coccidia<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-56\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Life_cycle\" >Life cycle<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-57\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#What_problems_do_chameleons_get_from_coccidia\" >What problems do chameleons get from coccidia?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-58\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#How_do_you_get_rid_of_coccidia\" >How do you get rid of coccidia?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-59\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Amoeba\" >Amoeba<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-60\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Life_cycle-2\" >Life cycle<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-61\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#What_problems_do_amoebae_cause_for_the_chameleon\" >What problems do amoebae cause for the chameleon?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-62\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#How_do_you_get_rid_of_amoebas\" >How do you get rid of amoebas?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-63\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Ciliates\" >Ciliates<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-64\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Life_cycle-3\" >Life cycle<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-65\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#What_problems_do_chameleons_get_from_ciliates\" >What problems do chameleons get from ciliates?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-66\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#How_do_you_get_rid_of_ciliates\" >How do you get rid of ciliates?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-67\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Flagellates\" >Flagellates<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-68\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Life_cycle-4\" >Life cycle<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-69\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#What_problems_do_chameleons_get_from_flagellates\" >What problems do chameleons get from flagellates?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-70\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#How_do_you_get_rid_of_flagellates\" >How do you get rid of flagellates?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-71\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Trematodes_flukes\" >Trematodes (flukes)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-72\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Life_cycle-5\" >Life cycle<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-73\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#What_problems_do_chameleons_get_from_trematodes\" >What problems do chameleons get from trematodes?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-74\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#How_do_you_get_rid_of_flukes\" >How do you get rid of flukes?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-75\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Cestodes_tapeworms\" >Cestodes (tapeworms)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-76\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Life_cycle-6\" >Life cycle<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-77\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#What_problems_do_tapeworms_cause_in_chameleons\" >What problems do tapeworms cause in chameleons?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-78\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#How_do_you_get_rid_of_tapeworms\" >How do you get rid of tapeworms?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-79\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Nematodes_roundworms\" >Nematodes (roundworms)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-80\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Nematodes_Rhabdiasidae_lungworms\" >Nematodes: Rhabdiasidae (lungworms)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-81\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Life_cycle-7\" >Life cycle<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-82\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#What_problems_do_chameleons_get_from_lungworms\" >What problems do chameleons get from lungworms?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-83\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#How_do_you_get_rid_of_lungworms\" >How do you get rid of lungworms?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-84\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Nematodes_Strongylidae_strongylids_and_Molineoidae_threadworms\" >Nematodes: Strongylidae (strongylids) and Molineoidae (threadworms)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-85\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Life_cycle-8\" >Life cycle<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-86\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#What_problems_do_chameleons_face_from_strongylids_or_threadworms\" >What problems do chameleons face from strongylids or threadworms?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-87\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#How_do_you_get_rid_of_strongyles_and_threadworms\" >How do you get rid of strongyles and threadworms?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-88\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Nematodes_Filarioidea_filariae\" >Nematodes: Filarioidea (filariae)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-89\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Life_cycle-9\" >Life cycle<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-90\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#What_problems_does_the_chameleon_get_from_filariae\" >What problems does the chameleon get from filariae?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-91\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#How_do_you_get_rid_of_filariae\" >How do you get rid of filariae?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-92\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Nematodes_Ascaridida_roundworms\" >Nematodes: Ascaridida (roundworms)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-93\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Life_cycle-10\" >Life cycle<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-94\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#What_problems_do_roundworms_cause_in_chameleons\" >What problems do roundworms cause in chameleons?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-95\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#How_do_you_get_rid_of_pinworms\" >How do you get rid of pinworms?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-96\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Nematodes_Oxyurida_pinworms\" >Nematodes: Oxyurida (pinworms)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-97\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Life_cycle-11\" >Life cycle<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-98\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#What_problems_do_chameleons_get_from_pinworms\" >What problems do chameleons get from pinworms?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-99\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#How_do_you_get_rid_of_pinworms-2\" >How do you get rid of pinworms?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-100\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Ectoparasites\" >Ectoparasites<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-101\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Acari_mites_and_ticks\" >Acari (mites and ticks)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-102\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Mites\" >Mites<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-103\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Ticks\" >Ticks<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-104\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Hirudinea_leeches\" >Hirudinea (leeches)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-105\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Comment_savoir_si_un_cameleon_a_des_parasites\" >Comment savoir si un cam\u00e9l\u00e9on a des parasites ?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-106\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Endoparasites-2\" >Endoparasites<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-107\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Les_coccidies\" >Les coccidies<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-108\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Cycle_de_vie\" >Cycle de vie<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-109\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Quels_problemes_les_coccidies_causent-elles_au_cameleon\" >Quels probl\u00e8mes les coccidies causent-elles au cam\u00e9l\u00e9on ?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-110\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Comment_se_debarrasser_des_coccidies\" >Comment se d\u00e9barrasser des coccidies ?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-111\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Les_amibes\" >Les amibes<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-112\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Cycle_de_vie-2\" >Cycle de vie<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-113\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Quels_problemes_les_amibes_causent-elles_au_cameleon\" >Quels probl\u00e8mes les amibes causent-elles au cam\u00e9l\u00e9on ?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-114\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Comment_se_debarrasser_des_amibes\" >Comment se d\u00e9barrasser des amibes ?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-115\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Les_cilies\" >Les cili\u00e9s<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-116\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Cycle_de_vie-3\" >Cycle de vie<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-117\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Quels_problemes_le_cameleon_peut-il_rencontrer_avec_les_cilies\" >Quels probl\u00e8mes le cam\u00e9l\u00e9on peut-il rencontrer avec les cili\u00e9s ?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-118\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Comment_se_debarrasser_des_cilies\" >Comment se d\u00e9barrasser des cili\u00e9s ?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-119\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Les_flagelles\" >Les flagell\u00e9s<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-120\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Cycle_de_vie-4\" >Cycle de vie<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-121\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Quels_problemes_les_flagelles_causent-ils_au_cameleon\" >Quels probl\u00e8mes les flagell\u00e9s causent-ils au cam\u00e9l\u00e9on ?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-122\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Comment_se_debarrasser_des_flagelles\" >Comment se d\u00e9barrasser des flagell\u00e9s ?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-123\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Les_trematodes\" >Les tr\u00e9matodes<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-124\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Cycle_de_vie-5\" >Cycle de vie<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-125\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Quels_problemes_les_trematodes_causent-ils_au_cameleon\" >Quels probl\u00e8mes les tr\u00e9matodes causent-ils au cam\u00e9l\u00e9on ?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-126\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Comment_se_debarrasser_des_trematodes\" >Comment se d\u00e9barrasser des tr\u00e9matodes ?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-127\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Les_cestodes_tenias\" >Les cestodes (t\u00e9nias)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-128\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Cycle_de_vie-6\" >Cycle de vie<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-129\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Quels_problemes_les_tenias_causent-ils_au_cameleon\" >Quels probl\u00e8mes les t\u00e9nias causent-ils au cam\u00e9l\u00e9on ?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-130\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Comment_se_debarrasser_des_tenias\" >Comment se d\u00e9barrasser des t\u00e9nias ?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-131\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Les_nematodes_vers_ronds_ou_vers_filiformes\" >Les n\u00e9matodes (vers ronds ou vers filiformes)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-132\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Nematodes_Les_Rhabdiasidae_vers_pulmonaires\" >N\u00e9matodes: Les Rhabdiasidae (vers pulmonaires)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-133\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Cycle_de_vie-7\" >Cycle de vie<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-134\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Quels_problemes_les_vers_pulmonaires_causent-ils_au_cameleon\" >Quels probl\u00e8mes les vers pulmonaires causent-ils au cam\u00e9l\u00e9on ?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-135\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Comment_se_debarrasser_des_vers_pulmonaires\" >Comment se d\u00e9barrasser des vers pulmonaires ?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-136\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Nematodes_Strongylidae_strongyles_et_Molineoidae\" >N\u00e9matodes: Strongylidae (strongyles) et Molineoidae<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-137\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Cycle_de_vie-8\" >Cycle de vie<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-138\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Quels_problemes_les_strongyes_ou_les_Molineoidae_peuvent-ils_causer_au_cameleon\" >Quels probl\u00e8mes les strongyes ou les Molineoidae peuvent-ils causer au cam\u00e9l\u00e9on ?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-139\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Comment_se_debarrasser_des_strongyles_ou_les_Molineoidae\" >Comment se d\u00e9barrasser des strongyles ou les Molineoidae ?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-140\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Nematodes_Filarioidea_vers_filaires\" >N\u00e9matodes: Filarioidea (vers filaires)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-141\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Cycle_de_vie-9\" >Cycle de vie<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-142\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Quels_problemes_le_cameleon_peut-il_rencontrer_en_raison_des_filaires\" >Quels probl\u00e8mes le cam\u00e9l\u00e9on peut-il rencontrer en raison des filaires ?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-143\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Comment_se_debarrasser_des_filaires\" >Comment se d\u00e9barrasser des filaires ?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-144\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Nematodes_Ascaridida_ascaris\" >N\u00e9matodes: Ascaridida (ascaris)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-145\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Cycle_de_vie-10\" >Cycle de vie<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-146\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Quels_problemes_les_ascaris_causent-ils_au_cameleon\" >Quels probl\u00e8mes les ascaris causent-ils au cam\u00e9l\u00e9on ?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-147\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Comment_se_debarrasser_des_ascaris\" >Comment se d\u00e9barrasser des ascaris ?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-148\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Nematodes_Oxyurida_oxyures\" >N\u00e9matodes: Oxyurida (oxyures)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-149\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Cycle_de_vie-11\" >Cycle de vie<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-150\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Quels_problemes_le_cameleon_peut-il_rencontrer_avec_les_mouches_a_queue_en_pince\" >Quels probl\u00e8mes le cam\u00e9l\u00e9on peut-il rencontrer avec les mouches \u00e0 queue en pince ?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-151\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Comment_se_debarrasser_des_poils_en_forme_de_pointe\" >Comment se d\u00e9barrasser des poils en forme de pointe ?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-152\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Ectoparasites-2\" >Ectoparasites<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-153\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Acari_Acariens_et_tiques\" >Acari (Acariens et tiques)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-154\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Acariens\" >Acariens<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-155\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Tiques\" >Tiques<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-156\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/parasiten\/#Hirudinea_sangsues\" >Hirudinea (sangsues)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_can_you_tell_if_a_chameleon_has_parasites\"><\/span>How can you tell if a chameleon has parasites?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">With <strong>ectoparasites<\/strong>, it\u2019s quite simple: you can see them with the naked eye. Small, red bumps in the armpits or a large tick on the nose. With <strong>endoparasites<\/strong>, unfortunately, it\u2019s not that simple. Most parasite eggs aren\u2019t visible in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/kot-und-urat\/\">droppings<\/a> at all. And if whole worms are already being passed, the infection is usually already very advanced. You shouldn\u2019t let it get that far in the first place!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Almost all of the endoparasites presented here can be detected at an early stage through <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/quarantaene\/#Untersuchungen\">faecal examinations<\/a> at the vet\u2019s. But be careful: if nothing is found in the droppings, this does not automatically mean that the chameleon is free of parasites! Many stages of the parasite\u2019s life cycle are not constantly excreted in the droppings. A single faecal sample is therefore not sufficient to rule out a parasite infestation. If you have a chameleon in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/quarantaene\/#Untersuchungen\">quarantine<\/a>, at least two, or better still three, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/quarantaene\/#Untersuchungen\">faecal examinations<\/a> are advisable to rule out or confirm a parasitic infection.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Endoparasites\"><\/span>Endoparasites<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"kokzidien\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Coccidia<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h4>\n<div id=\"attachment_11111\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11111\" class=\"wp-image-11111 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Eimeria-Oozysten-im-Kot-von-Furcifer-pardalis-300x200.jpg?_t=1774029296\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Eimeria-Oozysten-im-Kot-von-Furcifer-pardalis-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Eimeria-Oozysten-im-Kot-von-Furcifer-pardalis-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Eimeria-Oozysten-im-Kot-von-Furcifer-pardalis-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Eimeria-Oozysten-im-Kot-von-Furcifer-pardalis-1157x771.jpg 1157w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Eimeria-Oozysten-im-Kot-von-Furcifer-pardalis-420x280.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Eimeria-Oozysten-im-Kot-von-Furcifer-pardalis-81x54.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Eimeria-Oozysten-im-Kot-von-Furcifer-pardalis-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Eimeria-Oozysten-im-Kot-von-Furcifer-pardalis.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-11111\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oocysts of <em>Eimeria vencesi<\/em>\u00a0in a native faecal smear of <em>Furcifer pardalis<\/em>, magnified 100 times<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The bane of chameleon keeping: one in two large-scale breeding operations has problems with coccidia. Coccidia are single-celled organisms. Currently, over 20 different species are known to be capable of parasitising chameleons. The most important genera are <em>Choleoeimeria<\/em>, <em>Eimeria<\/em> and <em>Isospora<\/em>. Contrary to rumours to the contrary, coccidia are never part of a chameleon\u2019s normal intestinal flora.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Life_cycle\"><\/span>Life cycle<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The infectious stages of coccidia are known as sporulated oocysts. Oocysts are present in large quantities in the faeces of infected chameleons. So when an infected chameleon <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/kot-und-urat\/\">defecates<\/a>, a large number of coccidian oocysts, invisible to the human eye, end up in the surrounding environment. They can stick to branches that the chameleon has rubbed its cloaca against, to leaves or soil onto which the faeces have fallen. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/futtertiere\/\">Insects<\/a> walking over the faeces can carry the oocysts further afield. The next chameleon becomes infected by these oocysts by eating such an insect, accidentally ingesting a leaf containing oocysts, or licking a branch. A chameleon can even become infected at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/der-schlupf\/\">hatching<\/a>: specifically, if the mother had coccidia oocysts in her <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/anatomie\/#Urogenitaltrakt\">cloaca<\/a> whilst laying eggs. The oocysts end up on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/inkubation-der-eier\/\">eggshell<\/a> and later, during hatching, on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/aufzucht-von-jungtieren\/\">juveniles<\/a>. Infection via contaminated <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/wasserversorgung\/\">drinking water<\/a> or objects to which oocysts are attached is also possible.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_11100\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11100\" class=\"wp-image-11100 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Eimeria-brookesiae-2-300x225.jpg?_t=1774029302\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Eimeria-brookesiae-2-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Eimeria-brookesiae-2-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Eimeria-brookesiae-2-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Eimeria-brookesiae-2-1028x771.jpg 1028w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Eimeria-brookesiae-2-420x315.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Eimeria-brookesiae-2-81x61.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Eimeria-brookesiae-2-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Eimeria-brookesiae-2.jpg 1176w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-11100\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oocysts of <em>Choleoeimeria brookesiae<\/em> in a native faecal smear of a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/brookesia-stumpffi\/\"><em>Brookesia<\/em><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/brookesia-stumpffi\/\"><em>stumpffi<\/em><\/a>, magnified 400 times<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The coccidian oocysts are eventually swallowed and enter the chameleon\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/anatomie\/#Gastrointestinaltrakt\">intestine<\/a>. There, they release specific parasitic stages which penetrate the intestinal mucosa and destroy it. <em>Choleoeimeria<\/em> prefer to settle in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/anatomie\/\">gallbladder<\/a>, where they cause damage. Through a relatively complex cycle, the coccidia develop into specific parasitic stages that are capable of reproducing. The oocysts are then excreted via the chameleon\u2019s intestines in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/kot-und-urat\/\">faeces<\/a>. This marks the start of the parasite\u2019s cycle all over again.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In chameleons, it takes approximately three weeks for <em>Isospora<\/em> and five weeks for <em>Choleoeimeria<\/em> from the ingestion of coccidian oocysts to the excretion of new oocysts.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_problems_do_chameleons_get_from_coccidia\"><\/span>What problems do chameleons get from coccidia?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Coccidia are found in chameleons both in the wild and in captive environments. The intestinal lining damaged by coccidia often ceases to function properly. This frequently leads to diarrhoea. The chameleon becomes dehydrated, even though it drinks normally or even more than usual. <em>Choleoemeria<\/em> can lead to an enlarged gallbladder and a blocked bile duct, both of which are painful. In the long term, an undetected coccidian infection can lead to severe kidney disease.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Coccidia are particularly dangerous for juveniles, especially hatchlings. They usually die from coccidia within a short time. Entire clutches can be affected, with the juveniles dying one by one within a few weeks.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_15627\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15627\" class=\"wp-image-15627 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Eimeria-brookesiae-und-Trematode-1-300x196.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Eimeria-brookesiae-und-Trematode-1-300x196.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Eimeria-brookesiae-und-Trematode-1-1024x670.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Eimeria-brookesiae-und-Trematode-1-768x502.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Eimeria-brookesiae-und-Trematode-1-420x275.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Eimeria-brookesiae-und-Trematode-1-81x53.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Eimeria-brookesiae-und-Trematode-1-200x131.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Eimeria-brookesiae-und-Trematode-1.jpg 1087w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-15627\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oocysts of <em>Choleoeimeria<\/em> ssp. trematode egg in a native faecal smear of a chameleon, magnified 400 times<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In adult chameleons, certain species of coccidia can sometimes cause an asymptomatic infection. The animals then show no signs of illness. Sometimes, the only noticeable symptom is weight loss. However, under<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In adult chameleons, certain species of coccidia can sometimes cause an asymptomatic infection. The animals then show no signs of illness. Sometimes, the only noticeable symptom is weight loss. However, under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/was-ist-stress\/\">stressful conditions<\/a> such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/die-paarung\/\">mating<\/a>, relocation or suboptimal husbandry conditions, coccidia can multiply particularly rapidly. In such cases, they can also lead to serious <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/category\/terraristik\/erkrankungen\/\">illness<\/a> in these chameleons. As every chameleon experiences situations during its lifetime that can lead to an increase in coccidian infection, coccidia should never be regarded as harmless.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Incidentally, humans do not themselves suffer any problems from chameleon coccidia.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_do_you_get_rid_of_coccidia\"><\/span>How do you get rid of coccidia?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The chameleon can be treated with medication administered orally. The medication must be carefully measured out by the vet, but is generally well tolerated.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_15657\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15657\" class=\"wp-image-15657 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Kokzidien-bei-Furcifer-pardalis-1-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Kokzidien-bei-Furcifer-pardalis-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Kokzidien-bei-Furcifer-pardalis-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Kokzidien-bei-Furcifer-pardalis-1-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Kokzidien-bei-Furcifer-pardalis-1-771x771.jpg 771w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Kokzidien-bei-Furcifer-pardalis-1-420x420.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Kokzidien-bei-Furcifer-pardalis-1-81x81.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Kokzidien-bei-Furcifer-pardalis-1-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Kokzidien-bei-Furcifer-pardalis-1.jpg 788w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-15657\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oocyst of <em>Isospora<\/em> ssp. in a native faecal smear of a <em>Furcifer pardalis<\/em>, magnified 800 times<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Coccidia oocysts are, unfortunately, extremely hardy. Under favourable conditions, they remain infectious for over a year. Neither cold nor heat affects them. Heat only kills coccidia if temperatures exceed 60\u00b0C for several minutes. Coccidia are resistant to most <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/reinigung-und-desinfektion-des-terrariums\/\">chemical disinfectants<\/a>. Sterilium, which is used for hand disinfection in humans, and many of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/reinigung-und-desinfektion-des-terrariums\/\">disinfectants<\/a> for terrariums commonly available in pet shops are, unfortunately, useless against coccidia. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/reinigung-und-desinfektion-des-terrariums\/\">Chlorocresol<\/a> is effective, but due to its harmful effects on human health, it should only be used in consultation with a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/tierarztbesuch-mit-chamaeleons\/\">vet<\/a>. The high resistance to \u2018simpler\u2019 disinfection methods and a lack of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/quarantaene\/\">quarantine<\/a> are likely the reasons why coccidia are, unfortunately, very widespread in chameleon keeping.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"amoeben\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Amoeba\"><\/span>Amoeba<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Amoebae are a very large group of single-celled organisms. Only a very few are pathogenic to chameleons. The best-known of these is <em>Entamoeba invadens<\/em>. It is very rare in chameleons, but when it does occur, it is fatal. Amoebae are more common in other reptiles, such as tortoises.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Life_cycle-2\"><\/span>Life cycle<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The reproductive stages of amoebae are known as cysts. These cysts are present in large numbers in the faeces of infected chameleons. Infected chameleons defecate into their surroundings, causing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/klettermoeglichkeiten\/\">branches<\/a>, insects or simply the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/bodengrund\/\">substrate<\/a> to come into contact with the cysts. The next chameleon becomes infected by ingesting these cysts from the environment, for example during a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/zungentestverhalten\/\">tongue test<\/a> or when it captures an insect that has previously walked over the faeces. The cysts, which are invisible to the human eye, are swallowed and eventually end up in the chameleon\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/zungentestverhalten\/\">large intestine<\/a>. There, they penetrate the intestinal wall. Via blood vessels, they reach the liver, kidneys and other organs. At the same time, new cysts are released into the intestine, which the chameleon then excretes in its faeces.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_problems_do_amoebae_cause_for_the_chameleon\"><\/span>What problems do amoebae cause for the chameleon?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<div id=\"attachment_15655\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15655\" class=\"wp-image-15655 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Cyst_of_Entamoeba_histolytica_at_a_magnification_of_1600X-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Cyst_of_Entamoeba_histolytica_at_a_magnification_of_1600X-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Cyst_of_Entamoeba_histolytica_at_a_magnification_of_1600X-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Cyst_of_Entamoeba_histolytica_at_a_magnification_of_1600X-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Cyst_of_Entamoeba_histolytica_at_a_magnification_of_1600X-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Cyst_of_Entamoeba_histolytica_at_a_magnification_of_1600X-1028x771.jpg 1028w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Cyst_of_Entamoeba_histolytica_at_a_magnification_of_1600X-420x315.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Cyst_of_Entamoeba_histolytica_at_a_magnification_of_1600X-81x61.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Cyst_of_Entamoeba_histolytica_at_a_magnification_of_1600X-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Cyst_of_Entamoeba_histolytica_at_a_magnification_of_1600X.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-15655\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"alt-titles\"><span class=\"tool-identifier\">Cyst of <em>Entamoeba<\/em> ssp. im a native faecal smear, magnified 1600 times; CC BY-SA 4.0<\/span><\/span> <a title=\"User:Ajay Kumar Chaurasiya\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/User:Ajay_Kumar_Chaurasiya\">Ajay Kumar Chaurasiya<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The condition as a whole is known as amoebiasis. It is characterised primarily by severe, bloody intestinal inflammation accompanied by diarrhoea, weight loss and dehydration. In some cases, parts of the intestine may even begin to die off gradually. Amoebae also cause severe inflammation in other organs, such as the kidneys; in advanced stages, this ultimately leads to organ failure and, consequently, the death of the chameleon.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_do_you_get_rid_of_amoebas\"><\/span>How do you get rid of amoebas?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The chameleon can be treated with medication prescribed by a vet, which is administered into its mouth. The medication is generally well tolerated.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Amoeba cysts can survive in the soil for at least eight days and can be spread via feed insects or by clinging to objects. They are highly infectious, meaning they spread extremely easily. In the terrarium, the cysts are mainly eliminated by heat. A temperature of over 60\u00b0C must be maintained for a good ten minutes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As <em>Entamoeba invadens<\/em> develops optimally at a body temperature of 27\u201329\u00b0C, only reptiles are affected by these amoebae. Humans can contract amoebic dysentery (severe diarrhoea) from another amoeba called <em>Entamoeba histolytica<\/em>, but not from <em>Entamoeba invadens<\/em>. This parasite is therefore dangerous for chameleons and other reptiles, but not for humans.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ciliates\"><\/span>Ciliates<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<div id=\"attachment_15624\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15624\" class=\"wp-image-15624 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Nyctotherus-Zyste-2-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Nyctotherus-Zyste-2-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Nyctotherus-Zyste-2-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Nyctotherus-Zyste-2-420x419.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Nyctotherus-Zyste-2-81x81.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Nyctotherus-Zyste-2-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Nyctotherus-Zyste-2.jpg 510w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-15624\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Nyctotherus<\/em> ssp. cyst in a native faecal smear, magnified 400 times<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ciliates are commonly found in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/kot-und-urat\/\">faeces<\/a> of many chameleons. Many species are harmless to chameleons. Only under poor husbandry conditions or in the presence of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/kot-und-urat\/\">pre-existing conditions<\/a> can they occasionally cause problems in the event of a mass infestation. Among the better-known ciliates are the genera <em>Nyctotherus<\/em> and <em>Balantidium<\/em>, both of which use cysts as a reproductive stage.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Life_cycle-3\"><\/span>Life cycle<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The chameleon ingests infectious cysts from the faeces of another chameleon. It swallows the cysts, which then enter its intestines. In the intestines, the ciliates multiply and form cysts of their own. These cysts are then excreted in the chameleon\u2019s faeces.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_problems_do_chameleons_get_from_ciliates\"><\/span>What problems do chameleons get from ciliates?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Generally speaking, none at all. However, if the chameleon is already suffering from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/kot-und-urat\/\">other conditions<\/a>, it may be advisable to treat any ciliates present as well. The treating vet will provide appropriate advice.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_15639\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15639\" class=\"wp-image-15639 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasit-Ciliat-Wimperntierchen-mit-sichtbaren-Cilien-im-Nativkotausstrich-300x194.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasit-Ciliat-Wimperntierchen-mit-sichtbaren-Cilien-im-Nativkotausstrich-300x194.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasit-Ciliat-Wimperntierchen-mit-sichtbaren-Cilien-im-Nativkotausstrich-1024x661.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasit-Ciliat-Wimperntierchen-mit-sichtbaren-Cilien-im-Nativkotausstrich-768x496.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasit-Ciliat-Wimperntierchen-mit-sichtbaren-Cilien-im-Nativkotausstrich-1536x992.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasit-Ciliat-Wimperntierchen-mit-sichtbaren-Cilien-im-Nativkotausstrich-2048x1323.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasit-Ciliat-Wimperntierchen-mit-sichtbaren-Cilien-im-Nativkotausstrich-1194x771.jpg 1194w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasit-Ciliat-Wimperntierchen-mit-sichtbaren-Cilien-im-Nativkotausstrich-420x271.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasit-Ciliat-Wimperntierchen-mit-sichtbaren-Cilien-im-Nativkotausstrich-81x52.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasit-Ciliat-Wimperntierchen-mit-sichtbaren-Cilien-im-Nativkotausstrich-200x129.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-15639\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Live ciliated protozoa in a native faecal smear, magnified 400 times<\/p><\/div>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_do_you_get_rid_of_ciliates\"><\/span>How do you get rid of ciliates?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">If necessary, the chameleon can be treated with medication administered orally after being prescribed by a vet. It is not usually necessary to treat the surroundings.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"flagellaten\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Flagellates\"><\/span>Flagellates<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Flagellates is an umbrella term for a whole range of motile single-celled organisms. They are characterised by long cellular appendages that enable them to move \u2013 the flagella, from which they take their name. Whether flagellates cause illness in a chameleon depends on the species of flagellate, as well as the chameleon\u2019s age and state of health. Well-known genera of flagellates found in chameleons include <em>Leptomonas<\/em>, <em>Monocercomonas<\/em>, <em>Hexamita<\/em> and <em>Trichomonas<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Life_cycle-4\"><\/span>Life cycle<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<div id=\"attachment_15641\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15641\" class=\"wp-image-15641 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Trichomonas-ssp.-im-Nativkotausstrich-300x189.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"189\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Trichomonas-ssp.-im-Nativkotausstrich-300x189.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Trichomonas-ssp.-im-Nativkotausstrich-1024x645.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Trichomonas-ssp.-im-Nativkotausstrich-768x484.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Trichomonas-ssp.-im-Nativkotausstrich-1200x756.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Trichomonas-ssp.-im-Nativkotausstrich-420x265.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Trichomonas-ssp.-im-Nativkotausstrich-81x51.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Trichomonas-ssp.-im-Nativkotausstrich-200x126.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Trichomonas-ssp.-im-Nativkotausstrich.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-15641\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Trichomonas<\/em> ssp. in native faecal smear, magnified 400 times<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In infected chameleons, flagellates are present in large numbers in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/kot-und-urat\/\">faeces<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/kot-und-urat\/\">urate<\/a>. The chameleon\u2019s excrement, containing live flagellates and cysts, ends up on the ground. The cysts stick to leaves, branches, plants or moss. If another chameleon ingests cysts via a prey animal, it becomes infected with the flagellates. The chameleon swallows the cysts, causing them to end up in the intestine. There, they develop into live flagellates, which in turn produce more cysts. These are then excreted in the faeces.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Infection with live flagellates is primarily possible via <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/kot-und-urat\/\">prey insects<\/a> and is known to occur with the genus <em>Leptomonas<\/em>. Some flagellates can infect not only the gut but also other organs such as the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/anatomie\/\">liver<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/anatomie\/\">kidneys<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/anatomie\/\">lungs<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_problems_do_chameleons_get_from_flagellates\"><\/span>What problems do chameleons get from flagellates?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<div id=\"attachment_15643\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15643\" class=\"wp-image-15643 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Leptomonas-im-Nativkotausstrich-300x185.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"185\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Leptomonas-im-Nativkotausstrich-300x185.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Leptomonas-im-Nativkotausstrich-1024x630.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Leptomonas-im-Nativkotausstrich-768x473.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Leptomonas-im-Nativkotausstrich-1536x946.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Leptomonas-im-Nativkotausstrich-2048x1261.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Leptomonas-im-Nativkotausstrich-1200x739.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Leptomonas-im-Nativkotausstrich-420x259.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Leptomonas-im-Nativkotausstrich-81x50.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Leptomonas-im-Nativkotausstrich-200x123.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-15643\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Countless <em>Leptomonas<\/em> ssp. in a fresh faecal smear, magnified 400 times<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Flagellates are found in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wildfang-oder-nachzucht\/\">captive-bred<\/a> chameleons as well as in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wildfang-oder-nachzucht\/\">wild-caught<\/a> specimens and those living in the wild. An infestation involving only a few flagellates is often overlooked at first, as the chameleon shows no signs of illness. With flagellate species that are not particularly pathogenic, problems rarely arise even later on. <em>Hexamita<\/em>, on the other hand, relatively frequently cause <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wildfang-oder-nachzucht\/\">kidney<\/a> damage. <em>Leptomonas<\/em> often lead to bloody intestinal inflammation accompanied by foul-smelling diarrhoea.<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_do_you_get_rid_of_flagellates\"><\/span>How do you get rid of flagellates?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">An infestation with <em>Leptomonas<\/em> or <em>Hexamita<\/em> in chameleons can be treated with medication prescribed by a vet, which is administered orally. The medication is generally well tolerated.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Following a flagellate infestation, the terrarium can be heat-treated for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wildfang-oder-nachzucht\/\">disinfection<\/a>. The flagellates themselves dry out very quickly. The cysts, however, remain infectious for a long time even under adverse conditions. A temperature of over 60\u00b0C reliably kills the cysts.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"trematoden\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Trematodes_flukes\"><\/span>Trematodes (flukes)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Flukes are parasitic <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plattw%C3%BCrmer\">flatworms<\/a>. They usually have a flat body and the suction cups on their underside. Around 30 different species of flukes are currently known to infect chameleons. The best-known genera are <em>Laureriella<\/em>, <em>Paradistomoides<\/em> and <em>Plagiorchis<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Life_cycle-5\"><\/span>Life cycle<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<div id=\"attachment_11116\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Trematoden-im-Kot.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11116\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11116\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Trematoden-im-Kot-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Trematoden-im-Kot-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Trematoden-im-Kot-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Trematoden-im-Kot-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Trematoden-im-Kot-1157x771.jpg 1157w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Trematoden-im-Kot-420x280.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Trematoden-im-Kot-81x54.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Trematoden-im-Kot-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Trematoden-im-Kot.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-11116\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two trematode eggs under the microscope in a native faecal smear, magnified 400 times<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Trematode eggs are excreted by infected chameleons in their faeces, and less commonly in their urate. If the faeces land in a damp environment, such as a puddle or a pond, the eggs hatch into ciliated larvae (miracidia). The cystic larvae then burrow into the tissue of their intermediate host, often snails. The intermediate host, carrying the so-called tailed larvae (cercariae), is later eaten by the chameleon. Adult trematodes then develop in the chameleon\u2019s intestine. These migrate to their preferred tissue. For most trematodes, this is the intestinal mucosa. In some species, however, it is also the oral cavity, the oesophagus, the stomach or even the gallbladder. There, they release eggs into the chameleon\u2019s faeces. The next chameleon cannot become infected by the fluke eggs themselves, but only by the tail larvae within the intermediate host.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_problems_do_chameleons_get_from_trematodes\"><\/span>What problems do chameleons get from trematodes?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Flukes are found exclusively in wild chameleons or in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/wildfang-oder-nachzucht\/\">wild-caught<\/a> specimens intended for export. In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/wildfang-oder-nachzucht\/\">captive-bred<\/a> chameleons, flukes are virtually non-existent because the intermediate hosts required for their development are absent in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/category\/terraristik\/terrarium-und-tier\/\">terrarium<\/a>. Unfortunately, the fact that they occur only in the wild also means that little is known about the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/category\/terraristik\/erkrankungen\/\">diseases<\/a> that trematodes actually cause. It is assumed that trematodes are not particularly pathogenic and tend to cause localised inflammation in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/anatomie\/\">gastrointestinal tract<\/a>. However, there have also been a few cases of mass infestation in wild chameleons in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/infos-ueber-madagaskar\/\">Madagascar<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_do_you_get_rid_of_flukes\"><\/span>How do you get rid of flukes?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A fluke infection in a chameleon can be treated with a medication that is administered orally or injected under the skin. However, it is not well tolerated.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The terrarium does not need to be treated in the event of a fluke infection. As long as there are no intermediate hosts, such as snails, the infection cannot be transmitted to other chameleons.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"cestoden\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cestodes_tapeworms\"><\/span>Cestodes (tapeworms)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<div id=\"attachment_15660\" style=\"width: 183px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15660\" class=\"wp-image-15660 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Tapeworm_PSF-173x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"173\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Tapeworm_PSF-173x300.png 173w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Tapeworm_PSF-590x1024.png 590w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Tapeworm_PSF-768x1333.png 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Tapeworm_PSF-885x1536.png 885w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Tapeworm_PSF-1180x2048.png 1180w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Tapeworm_PSF-444x771.png 444w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Tapeworm_PSF-420x729.png 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Tapeworm_PSF-81x141.png 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Tapeworm_PSF-200x347.png 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Tapeworm_PSF.png 1426w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 173px) 100vw, 173px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-15660\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Schematic diagram of a tapeworm, graphic by <a title=\"Commons:Pearson Scott Foresman\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Commons:Pearson_Scott_Foresman\">Pearson Scott Foresman<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tapeworms are commonly found in many domestic animals, including dogs and cats. Like flukes, they belong to the phylum <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plattw%C3%BCrmer\">Platyhelminthes<\/a>. At one end of their body, they have a hook-like structure with suction cups (scolex). The other end of the body is divided into many small segments, known as proglottids. Each proglottid is hermaphroditic, possessing both male and female reproductive organs. The genus <em>Oochoristica<\/em>, in particular, parasitises chameleons, among others.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Life_cycle-6\"><\/span>Life cycle<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tapeworms live in the <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plattw%C3%BCrmer\">small intestine<\/a> of chameleons, where they attach themselves to the intestinal walls using their suckers. The proglottids fertilise each other and are subsequently separated from the rest of the tapeworm\u2019s body. They then leave the infected chameleon in its <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/kot-und-urat\/\">faeces.<\/a> The faeces land on soil, moss or leaves. Every single proglottid is packed full of eggs. Six-hooked larvae hatch from these eggs, which must then be ingested by an intermediate host. In the intermediate host, the tapeworm larva embeds itself in the connective or muscle tissue in the form of a cyst (metacestode). If the intermediate host is then eaten by the chameleon, the metacestode passes through the stomach into the chameleon\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/kot-und-urat\/\">intestine<\/a>. There it eventually develops into a tapeworm. A few species also colonise the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/anatomie\/\">gallbladder<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_problems_do_tapeworms_cause_in_chameleons\"><\/span>What problems do tapeworms cause in chameleons?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tapeworms are found exclusively in wild chameleons or in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/wildfang-oder-nachzucht\/\">wild-caught<\/a> specimens intended for export. Chameleons <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/wildfang-oder-nachzucht\/\">bred in captivity<\/a> generally do not contract tapeworms due to the lack of suitable intermediate hosts. Severe tapeworm infestation can lead to weight loss despite a good appetite. In rare cases, it can also cause intestinal inflammation accompanied by diarrhoea.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_do_you_get_rid_of_tapeworms\"><\/span>How do you get rid of tapeworms?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A tapeworm infestation in a chameleon can be treated with a medication that is administered orally or injected under the skin. However, it is not well tolerated.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The terrarium does not need to be treated in the event of a tapeworm infestation. As long as there are no intermediate hosts present, transmission to other chameleons cannot occur.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nematodes_roundworms\"><\/span>Nematodes (roundworms)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<div id=\"attachment_15645\" style=\"width: 308px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15645\" class=\"wp-image-15645 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Nematode-bei-Trioceros-quadricornis-1-298x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"298\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Nematode-bei-Trioceros-quadricornis-1-298x300.jpg 298w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Nematode-bei-Trioceros-quadricornis-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Nematode-bei-Trioceros-quadricornis-1-420x422.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Nematode-bei-Trioceros-quadricornis-1-81x81.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Nematode-bei-Trioceros-quadricornis-1-200x201.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Nematode-bei-Trioceros-quadricornis-1.jpg 764w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 298px) 100vw, 298px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-15645\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The anterior section of a roundworm in a fresh faecal smear from a chameleon, magnified 400 times<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nematodes look exactly as their name suggests. They are small, elongated and thin. There are more than 20,000 different species worldwide. Only a few of these are parasitic. Nematodes reproduce sexually. Males and females mate, after which the female produces eggs. In infected chameleons, these eggs are excreted in the The anterior section of a roundworm in a fresh faecal smear from a chameleon, magnified 400 times. A larva develops inside each egg. The various larval stages in roundworms are designated L1, L2, L3 and L4, with the pre-adult stage referred to as L5. Between each new stage, the larva undergoes moulting. The fifth larva, L5, eventually matures into an adult roundworm.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A notable feature of nematodes is their ability to enter <em>hypobiosis<\/em>. This term refers to a suspension of development at the third, fourth or fifth larval stage. During this \u2018dormant phase\u2019, the larvae remain in the tissue where they are currently located, waiting for a more favourable time to continue their development. Depending on exactly where in the chameleon\u2019s body the larva is located during hypobiosis, it may be difficult or impossible to treat with medication. After hypobiosis, the larva can develop further without any problems and produce the next generation of nematodes. In the case of roundworms, it is therefore possible that no roundworm eggs can be found in a chameleon\u2019s faeces, yet there are still larvae in hypobiosis within the body. If these are reactivated and continue to develop, the chameleon may once again excrete roundworms.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As there are so many different types of nematodes affecting chameleons, the following sections provide a more detailed overview of individual nematode species.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"rhabditis\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nematodes_Rhabdiasidae_lungworms\"><\/span>Nematodes: Rhabdiasidae (lungworms)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rhabdiasidae are lungworms characterised primarily by a very interesting mode of transmission. According to current scientific understanding, it appears that each species of chameleon has its own specific <em>Rhabdias<\/em> species. It is therefore likely that there are significantly more lungworms than the 15 or so species currently known. Lungworms are found primarily in humid habitats such as rainforests.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Life_cycle-7\"><\/span>Life cycle<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<div id=\"attachment_15631\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15631\" class=\"wp-image-15631 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Rhabdias-spp-1-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Rhabdias-spp-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Rhabdias-spp-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Rhabdias-spp-1-420x315.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Rhabdias-spp-1-81x61.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Rhabdias-spp-1-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Rhabdias-spp-1.jpg 879w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-15631\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Rhabdias<\/em> ssp. in a fresh faecal smear from a pygmy chameleon, magnified 400 times<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Infected chameleons excrete infectious larvae in their faeces. These larvae actively emerge from the faeces and burrow into the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/kot-und-urat\/\">skin<\/a> of another chameleon that happens to be passing by. They enter the chameleon\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/kot-und-urat\/\">lungs<\/a> via the bloodstream. Some species remain in the lungs and reproduce there. In other species, the larvae migrate along the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/kot-und-urat\/\">windpipe<\/a> into the chameleon\u2019s mouth. There they are swallowed and thus reach the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/kot-und-urat\/\">intestine<\/a>. There, the larva develops into an adult lungworm. Only females exist, which produce eggs containing larvae through parthenogenesis without the presence of a male. The female lungworms effectively \u2018clone\u2019 themselves.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_problems_do_chameleons_get_from_lungworms\"><\/span>What problems do chameleons get from lungworms?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lungworms are relatively common in the wild and in exported <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/kot-und-urat\/\">wild-caught<\/a> animals. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/category\/chamaeleons-habitatsdaten\/brookesia-arten\/\">Leaf chameleons<\/a> in particular seem to be severely affected. As the worms reside in the lungs and air sacs, affected chameleons will sooner or later develop breathing difficulties as a result of pneumonia. Increased mucus can be seen in the mouth. As a result of the severe pneumonia, the chameleon often loses weight.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_do_you_get_rid_of_lungworms\"><\/span>How do you get rid of lungworms?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<div id=\"attachment_15632\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15632\" class=\"wp-image-15632 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Rhabdias-spp-3-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Rhabdias-spp-3-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Rhabdias-spp-3-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Rhabdias-spp-3-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Rhabdias-spp-3-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Rhabdias-spp-3-1028x771.jpg 1028w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Rhabdias-spp-3-420x315.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Rhabdias-spp-3-81x61.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Rhabdias-spp-3-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Rhabdias-spp-3.jpg 1897w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-15632\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Rhabdias<\/em> ssp. eggs and worm in a fresh faecal smear, magnified 100 times<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In principle, lungworm infection in chameleons can be treated with drugs that are generally well tolerated. However, a major problem is that this treatment kills the worms inside the lungs and air sacs as well, not just those in the intestines. The dead lungworms cause severe inflammatory reactions, which in turn require treatment. It is therefore not uncommon for both lungworm infection and the treatment of lungworm infection in chameleons to unfortunately result in death. This is a very difficult situation. In many cases, thorough diagnostic testing can be carried out in advance by a vet to determine whether worms are present in the lungs and other body tissues, thereby assessing the risk.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As with many other parasites, the terrarium must be thoroughly <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/reinigung-und-desinfektion-des-terrariums\/\">cleaned<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/reinigung-und-desinfektion-des-terrariums\/\">disinfected<\/a> following a lungworm infestation before the chameleon can be returned to it. Heat of over 60\u00b0C for at least five minutes \u2013 preferably longer \u2013 will reliably kill the eggs.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"rhabditis\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nematodes_Strongylidae_strongylids_and_Molineoidae_threadworms\"><\/span>Nematodes: Strongylidae (strongylids) and Molineoidae (threadworms)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Among the strongylids, the genus <em>Kalicephalus<\/em> is particularly well known, as it is always pathogenic to chameleons. The nematodes include the genus <em>Oswaldocruzia<\/em>, which has already been detected in several species of chameleon. Both families of parasites are so similar that they are discussed together here.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Life_cycle-8\"><\/span>Life cycle<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<div id=\"attachment_15633\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15633\" class=\"wp-image-15633 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Ei-mit-Larve-bei-Brookesia-stumpffi-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Ei-mit-Larve-bei-Brookesia-stumpffi-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Ei-mit-Larve-bei-Brookesia-stumpffi-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Ei-mit-Larve-bei-Brookesia-stumpffi-768x769.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Ei-mit-Larve-bei-Brookesia-stumpffi-770x771.jpg 770w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Ei-mit-Larve-bei-Brookesia-stumpffi-420x420.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Ei-mit-Larve-bei-Brookesia-stumpffi-81x81.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Ei-mit-Larve-bei-Brookesia-stumpffi-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Ei-mit-Larve-bei-Brookesia-stumpffi.jpg 949w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-15633\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Egg containing larvae of <em>Kalicephalus<\/em> ssp. or <em>Rhabdias<\/em> ssp. in a native faecal smear from <em>Brookesia stumpffi<\/em>, magnified 400\u00d7<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Infected chameleons excrete eggs containing larvae in their faeces. In the environment, the larvae develop into infectious larvae. These larvae are accidentally ingested by other chameleons whilst feeding, or they actively emerge from the faeces and burrow into the skin of other chameleons. They then travel to the lungs via the lymphatic system. From there, the fourth larva travels via the trachea into the oral cavity. The chameleon then swallows the larva, which enters the intestine. It is only there that it develops into an adult worm. Strongylids and nematodes burrow into the intestinal mucosa and lay eggs in the chameleon\u2019s faeces.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_problems_do_chameleons_face_from_strongylids_or_threadworms\"><\/span>What problems do chameleons face from strongylids or threadworms?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">These worms cause problems, particularly in cases of mass infestation. The damaged intestinal walls become inflamed, leading to severe diarrhoea. Furthermore, chameleons frequently suffer from anaemia when infected with strongylids.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_do_you_get_rid_of_strongyles_and_threadworms\"><\/span>How do you get rid of strongyles and threadworms?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Strongylid infections in chameleons can be treated by a vet using very well-tolerated medication.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As with many other parasites, the terrarium must be thoroughly <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/reinigung-und-desinfektion-des-terrariums\/\">cleaned<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/reinigung-und-desinfektion-des-terrariums\/\">disinfected<\/a> following an infestation before the chameleon can be returned to it. Heat of over 60\u00b0C for at least five minutes \u2013 preferably longer \u2013 will reliably kill the eggs.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Please note: Strongylids are not particularly host-specific. This means they can also be transmitted to or acquired from other reptile species. In the event of a strongylid infestation, it is therefore advisable to check the entire reptile stock (and, unfortunately, to treat them if necessary).<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"rhabditis\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nematodes_Filarioidea_filariae\"><\/span>Nematodes: Filarioidea (filariae)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<div id=\"attachment_4024\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Filariose-Furcifer-pardalis.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4024\" class=\"wp-image-4024 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Filariose-Furcifer-pardalis-300x217.jpg\" alt=\"Filariose Furcifer pardalis\" width=\"300\" height=\"217\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Filariose-Furcifer-pardalis-300x217.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Filariose-Furcifer-pardalis-768x555.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Filariose-Furcifer-pardalis-420x304.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Filariose-Furcifer-pardalis-81x59.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Filariose-Furcifer-pardalis.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-4024\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Macrofilaria or roundworms in the subcutaneous tissue of a young <em>Furcifer pardalis<\/em> in Akanin&#8217;ny Nofy<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Filarial worms are slender nematodes that are relatively common in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/infos-ueber-madagaskar\/\">Madagascar<\/a> and can grow from a few millimetres to eight centimetres in length. To date, only three species are known to infect chameleons: <em>Foleyella brevicauda<\/em>, <em>Foleyella candezei<\/em> and <em>Foleyella furcata<\/em>. In the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/infos-ueber-madagaskar\/\">subcutaneous tissue<\/a> of an infected chameleon, the filariae can sometimes be seen as small, moving worms, which often seem to disappear again when light pressure is applied with a finger.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Please note: Filaria are detected via a blood smear. Unlike almost all other internal parasites, they cannot be found in the faeces.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Life_cycle-9\"><\/span>Life cycle<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The life cycle of filariae begins when a mosquito bites an infected chameleon and thereby ingests filariae. These develop further within the mosquito. If the same mosquito then bites another chameleon, it transmits the filariae. The first larval stage in the chameleon\u2019s blood is called a microfilaria. These microfilariae travel through the chameleon\u2019s bloodstream to various organs, where they continue to develop. Once fully grown, the parasites are known as macrofilaria. The macrofilaria eventually migrate to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/anatomie\/\">coelomic cavity<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/anatomie\/#Atemtrakt\">lungs<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/anatomie\/#Atemtrakt\">air sacs<\/a>, or the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/anatomie\/#Atemtrakt\">subcutaneous tissue<\/a>. They release microfilariae into the bloodstream, which can then be ingested by the next mosquito.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_problems_does_the_chameleon_get_from_filariae\"><\/span>What problems does the chameleon get from filariae?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<div id=\"attachment_1254\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Mikrofilarien.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1254\" class=\"wp-image-1254 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Mikrofilarien-300x251.jpg\" alt=\"Mikrofilarie im Blutausstrich von Furcifer pardalis\" width=\"300\" height=\"251\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Mikrofilarien-300x251.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Mikrofilarien.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-1254\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Microfilariae in a blood smear from <em>Furcifer pardalis<\/em>, magnified 400 times<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Filariae are transmitted exclusively by certain species of mosquito, meaning that this nematode is found only in the wild and in exported wild-caught specimens. A minor infestation does not lead to disease. However, a mass infestation can result in what is known as filariasis. In doing so, microfilariae block blood vessels, causing the tissue that would normally be supplied by those vessels to die off. The migration of macrofilariae within the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/anatomie\/\">coelomic cavity<\/a> can also lead to severe inflammation. In the worst-case scenario, this can prove fatal for the chameleon.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_do_you_get_rid_of_filariae\"><\/span>How do you get rid of filariae?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In theory, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/tierarztbesuch-mit-chamaeleons\/\">treating<\/a> the chameleon itself would be sufficient to eliminate a filaria infection. Unfortunately, however, filariae are very difficult to treat with medication at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/tierarztbesuch-mit-chamaeleons\/\">vet\u2019s<\/a>. The only medication known to be effective against these parasites is very poorly tolerated by chameleons and has, to date, consistently proved fatal.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_11318\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11318\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11318\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Filarienbefall-bei-Furcifer-viridis-2017-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Filarienbefall-bei-Furcifer-viridis-2017-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Filarienbefall-bei-Furcifer-viridis-2017-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Filarienbefall-bei-Furcifer-viridis-2017-420x280.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Filarienbefall-bei-Furcifer-viridis-2017-81x54.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Filarienbefall-bei-Furcifer-viridis-2017-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Filarienbefall-bei-Furcifer-viridis-2017.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-11318\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Macrofilaria or roundworms in the subcutaneous tissue of a young <em>Furcifer viridis<\/em> in north-western Madagascar<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As filariae always require a mosquito as an intermediate host, there is no need to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/reinigung-und-desinfektion-des-terrariums\/\">disinfect<\/a> the terrarium to prevent transmission of this parasite. A chameleon cannot become infected with filariae even if it were to share the same terrarium with an infected chameleon. However, it cannot be ruled out with absolute certainty that European, Asian or American mosquitoes might also transmit microfilariae from one chameleon to another. This could be important when keeping infected and uninfected chameleons together.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"rhabditis\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nematodes_Ascaridida_roundworms\"><\/span>Nematodes: Ascaridida (roundworms)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Roundworms are found in almost all mammals and reptiles. When fully grown, they look like thick spaghetti and are therefore the \u2018classic\u2019 parasitic worm. In relation to their host\u2019s body size, roundworms can reach impressive lengths. The human roundworm, for example, can grow up to 40 cm long! In chameleons, roundworms can grow up to 17 cm in length, which is quite impressive depending on the species of chameleon. Over 20 different species of roundworm have already been identified in various chameleon species, including, amongst others, the genera <em>Hexametra<\/em> and <em>Orneoascaris<\/em>. The Ascaridae family also includes the so-called Heterakidae, comprising the genera <em>Africana<\/em>, <em>Heterakis<\/em>, <em>Strongyluris<\/em> and <em>Spinicauda<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Life_cycle-10\"><\/span>Life cycle<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<div id=\"attachment_4030\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Spulw\u00fcrmer.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4030\" class=\"wp-image-4030 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Spulw\u00fcrmer-300x297.jpg\" alt=\"Spulw\u00fcrmer\" width=\"300\" height=\"297\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Spulw\u00fcrmer-300x297.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Spulw\u00fcrmer-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Spulw\u00fcrmer-420x416.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Spulw\u00fcrmer-81x80.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Spulw\u00fcrmer.jpg 576w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-4030\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A vast number of roundworms from the coelomic cavity of a panther chameleon that died as a result of the severe infestation<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Infected chameleons excrete large quantities of roundworm eggs in their faeces. The faeces fall onto leaves, branches and the ground. The roundworm eggs stick to whatever surface the faeces land on. And anything that has come into contact with the faeces \u2013 be it insects that have walked over them or a human hand cleaning up the terrarium \u2013 can carry the eggs further. The eggs contain the first larval stage of the roundworms. In the environment, the larvae in the eggs continue to develop into the infectious third larval stage.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Other chameleons then become infected by these eggs, which they carry around, when they accidentally take them into their mouths whilst performing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/zungentestverhalten\/\">tongue-testing<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/zungentestverhalten\/\">behaviour<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/chamaeleonfutter\/\">feeding<\/a>. The roundworm eggs are swallowed and eventually end up in the small intestine. There, the larva hatches and develops into an adult roundworm, which lays eggs in the chameleon\u2019s faeces.Roundworms also undertake migrations similar to those of filarial worms outside the small intestine. They migrate to the subcutaneous tissue, the liver, the fat bodies, the lungs and the air sacs. In some species of roundworm, which are particularly common in chameleons, both life cycles involving an intermediate host (or hosts) and those without an intermediate host are known to occur.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_15634\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15634\" class=\"wp-image-15634 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Heterakis-im-Kot-von-Furcifer-pardalis-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Heterakis-im-Kot-von-Furcifer-pardalis-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Heterakis-im-Kot-von-Furcifer-pardalis-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Heterakis-im-Kot-von-Furcifer-pardalis-420x420.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Heterakis-im-Kot-von-Furcifer-pardalis-81x81.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Heterakis-im-Kot-von-Furcifer-pardalis-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Heterakis-im-Kot-von-Furcifer-pardalis.jpg 580w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-15634\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Egg of <em>Spinicauda<\/em> ssp. in a fresh faecal smear from <em>Furcifer pardalis<\/em>, magnified 400 times<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As roundworm eggs are invisible to the naked eye but are usually present in large numbers in the vicinity of infected chameleons, they are often carried around unnoticed. In this way, the roundworm eggs are transferred from terrarium to terrarium, to new owners at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/wo-kaufen\/\">pet fairs<\/a>, and to new hosts via <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/futtertiere\/\">live feed<\/a> containers, all without being detected by humans.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_problems_do_roundworms_cause_in_chameleons\"><\/span>What problems do roundworms cause in chameleons?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">At first, there are few noticeable signs. Although the chameleon eats well, it continues to lose weight. Roundworms can cause bloody ulcers, intestinal perforations and constipation in the gut due to a massive infestation. In the worst-case scenario \u2013 which, unfortunately, occurs regularly with roundworms in chameleons \u2013 the constipation leads to a fatal intestinal obstruction. Their migration outside the intestines can also lead to inflammation of the affected tissues. Roundworms in the lungs can even cause shortness of breath.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_do_you_get_rid_of_pinworms\"><\/span>How do you get rid of pinworms?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The good news about roundworms: treating your chameleon at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/tierarztbesuch-mit-chamaeleons\/\">vet<\/a> involves a medication administered orally, which is simple and well tolerated. The bad news: if the infestation is detected too late and there is already a massive infestation, the dead worms can lead to intestinal blockage or inflammation of the organs.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_15635\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15635\" class=\"wp-image-15635 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Furcifer-lateralis-neu-2-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Furcifer-lateralis-neu-2-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Furcifer-lateralis-neu-2-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Furcifer-lateralis-neu-2-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Furcifer-lateralis-neu-2-771x771.jpg 771w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Furcifer-lateralis-neu-2-420x420.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Furcifer-lateralis-neu-2-81x81.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Furcifer-lateralis-neu-2-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Parasiten-Furcifer-lateralis-neu-2.jpg 867w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-15635\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Egg of <em>Hexametra<\/em> ssp. in a fresh faecal smear from <em>Furcifer lateralis<\/em>, magnified 400 times<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Getting a terrarium back to a parasite-free state after a roundworm infestation through cleaning and disinfection is not quite so straightforward. The infectious eggs are extremely hardy and can survive for years in damp soil. Roundworm eggs are resistant to most <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/reinigung-und-desinfektion-des-terrariums\/\">chemical disinfectants<\/a>. Unfortunately, Sterilium, which is used for hand disinfection in humans, or the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/reinigung-und-desinfektion-des-terrariums\/\">disinfectants<\/a> commonly available in pet shops for terrariums, are ineffective against nematode eggs. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/reinigung-und-desinfektion-des-terrariums\/\">Ammonia<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/reinigung-und-desinfektion-des-terrariums\/\">p-chloro-m-cresol<\/a> should only be used in consultation with a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/tierarztbesuch-mit-chamaeleons\/\">vet<\/a>, as they are harmful to human health.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Please note: Unfortunately, some species of roundworm are not host-specific. This means that, in addition to chameleons, other reptiles can also become infected by roundworm eggs. In the case of <em>Hexametra angusticaecoides<\/em>, for example, infections in various geckos and snakes have been reported. If a chameleon is infected with this roundworm species, it is therefore possible that other reptiles in the collection are also infected with the roundworms, and treatment of the entire animal stock may be necessary.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"rhabditis\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nematodes_Oxyurida_pinworms\"><\/span>Nematodes: Oxyurida (pinworms)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Oxyurida are also known as pinworms. This genus of nematodes, which remain very small, is very common in reptiles. In chameleons, they are among the most common endoparasites, alongside coccidia. However, Oxyurida species are highly host-specific. This means that practically every reptile species has its own specific species of pinworms. Or to put it another way: the pinworms of turtles do not like chameleons or snakes, and vice versa. Among chameleons, the species known to date are <em>Pharyngodon dimorpha<\/em>, <em>Thelandros meridionalis<\/em> and <em>Parapharyngodon kenyaensis<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Life_cycle-11\"><\/span>Life cycle<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<div id=\"attachment_11123\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11123\" class=\"wp-image-11123 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Oxyuris-im-Kot-von-Furcifer-pardalis-300x200.jpg?_t=1774029077\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Oxyuris-im-Kot-von-Furcifer-pardalis-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Oxyuris-im-Kot-von-Furcifer-pardalis-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Oxyuris-im-Kot-von-Furcifer-pardalis-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Oxyuris-im-Kot-von-Furcifer-pardalis-1157x771.jpg 1157w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Oxyuris-im-Kot-von-Furcifer-pardalis-420x280.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Oxyuris-im-Kot-von-Furcifer-pardalis-81x54.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Oxyuris-im-Kot-von-Furcifer-pardalis-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Oxyuris-im-Kot-von-Furcifer-pardalis.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-11123\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oxyurida egg in a fresh faecal smear from <em>Furcifer pardalis<\/em>, magnified 100 times<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Infected chameleons excrete needletail eggs in their faeces, which then stick to surfaces in the surrounding area. The eggs contain the first larval stage, which develops into the infectious third-instar larva in the environment. Other chameleons can then become infected from the eggs containing the infectious larvae if they ingest leaves bearing the eggs or insects that have walked over the faeces of an infected chameleon. The eggs are then swallowed along with the chameleon\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/futtertiere\/\">food<\/a> and end up in its intestines. There, the pinworm larvae hatch from the eggs and develop into adult pinworms. The female pinworms then lay eggs of their own, which are passed in the chameleon\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/kot-und-urat\/\">faeces<\/a> and begin a new life cycle.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The entire life cycle, from the eggs being ingested to their excretion, takes between four and six weeks.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_problems_do_chameleons_get_from_pinworms\"><\/span>What problems do chameleons get from pinworms?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<div id=\"attachment_11136\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Oxyuriden-Massenbefall-bereits-im-Kot-sichtbar.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11136\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11136\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Oxyuriden-Massenbefall-bereits-im-Kot-sichtbar-300x215.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"215\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Oxyuriden-Massenbefall-bereits-im-Kot-sichtbar-300x215.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Oxyuriden-Massenbefall-bereits-im-Kot-sichtbar-768x551.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Oxyuriden-Massenbefall-bereits-im-Kot-sichtbar-420x302.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Oxyuriden-Massenbefall-bereits-im-Kot-sichtbar-81x58.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Oxyuriden-Massenbefall-bereits-im-Kot-sichtbar-200x144.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Oxyuriden-Massenbefall-bereits-im-Kot-sichtbar.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-11136\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A massive infestation with pinworms, already visible to the naked eye in the faeces \u2013 this animal had been suffering from an unnoticed and, consequently, untreated infestation for years<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pinworms only cause illness in chameleons when the infestation is severe. They often go completely undetected until the first <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/kot-und-urat\/\">faecal examination<\/a>. However, if the chameleon does fall ill at a later stage, the pinworms can multiply rapidly and lead to oxyuriasis, an infestation with clear signs of illness.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_do_you_get_rid_of_pinworms-2\"><\/span>How do you get rid of pinworms?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A case of thrush in chameleons is very easy for a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/tierarztbesuch-mit-chamaeleons\/\">herp<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/tierarztbesuch-mit-chamaeleons\/\">vet<\/a> to treat. There are several medications that can be administered orally, all of which are very well tolerated. It is best to start treatment \u2013 including <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/reinigung-und-desinfektion-des-terrariums\/\">cleaning<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/de\/reinigung-und-desinfektion-des-terrariums\/\">disinfecting<\/a> the terrarium \u2013 as soon as possible, even before the chameleon shows any symptoms of the condition.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The eggs are invisible to the naked eye. The eggs of pinworms remain infectious in the terrarium for months and are therefore particularly prone to being accidentally spread from one animal to another. As with many other parasites, the terrarium must be thoroughly <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/reinigung-und-desinfektion-des-terrariums\/\">cleaned<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/reinigung-und-desinfektion-des-terrariums\/\">disinfected<\/a> following an infestation before the chameleon can be returned. Heat exceeding 60\u00b0C for at least five minutes, preferably longer, will reliably kill the eggs.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ectoparasites\"><\/span>Ectoparasites<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Acari_mites_and_ticks\"><\/span>Acari (mites and ticks)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<div id=\"attachment_4033\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Milben-an-Furcifer-petteri.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4033\" class=\"wp-image-4033 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Milben-an-Furcifer-petteri-300x208.jpg\" alt=\"Milben an Furcifer petteri\" width=\"300\" height=\"208\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Milben-an-Furcifer-petteri-300x208.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Milben-an-Furcifer-petteri-768x532.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Milben-an-Furcifer-petteri-420x291.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Milben-an-Furcifer-petteri-81x56.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Milben-an-Furcifer-petteri.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-4033\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mites in the armpit of a female <em>Furcifer petteri<\/em> in the Montagne d&#8217;Ambre<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mites and ticks belong to the arachnid family and develop from an egg into a larva. The larva develops into an adult parasite via a certain number of nymphal stages. The larvae have three pairs of legs, whilst the adults have four. In some species, a nymph hatches directly from the egg. Each stage of the life cycle is marked by a moult and a blood meal.<\/p>\n<h5 id=\"milben\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mites\"><\/span>Mites<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mites are biting-sucking arachnids that are most commonly found around the eyes, in skin folds such as the armpits, and around a chameleon\u2019s cloaca. Most mites are only one to two millimetres in size and bright red in colour. They can be easily spotted with the naked eye if you look closely. As mites feed on blood, a severe infestation can lead to anaemia in the chameleon.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_9666\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Milben-in-Achsel-eines-Furcifer-rhinoceratus.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9666\" class=\"wp-image-9666 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Milben-in-Achsel-eines-Furcifer-rhinoceratus-300x216.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"216\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Milben-in-Achsel-eines-Furcifer-rhinoceratus-300x216.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Milben-in-Achsel-eines-Furcifer-rhinoceratus-768x552.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Milben-in-Achsel-eines-Furcifer-rhinoceratus-420x302.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Milben-in-Achsel-eines-Furcifer-rhinoceratus-81x58.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Milben-in-Achsel-eines-Furcifer-rhinoceratus.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-9666\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mites in the armpit of a male <em>Furcifer rhinoceratus<\/em> in Ankarafantsika<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Wild-caught and wild chameleons are particularly prone to mite infestations. In Madagascar, mites are quite common on all kinds of chameleons, especially during the rainy season.<\/p>\n<h5 id=\"zecken\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ticks\"><\/span>Ticks<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ticks can \u2018sniff out\u2019 potential hosts using Haller\u2019s organ. After feeding on blood, a tick can survive for a long period without food. The larvae and males of some species can even survive entirely without blood.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ticks are mainly found on chameleons in the wild. This is why they are occasionally found on wild-caught exported chameleons. They are generally not seen at all on captive-bred chameleons. To date, only a few species of tick are known to infest chameleons at all. Among these, only one species is found in southern Europe. All other species are found in subtropical or tropical regions.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hirudinea_leeches\"><\/span>Hirudinea (leeches)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<div id=\"attachment_5769\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5769\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-5769\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Calumma-amber-mit-Blutegel-auf-dem-Kopf-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Calumma-amber-mit-Blutegel-auf-dem-Kopf-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Calumma-amber-mit-Blutegel-auf-dem-Kopf-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Calumma-amber-mit-Blutegel-auf-dem-Kopf-420x280.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Calumma-amber-mit-Blutegel-auf-dem-Kopf-81x54.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Calumma-amber-mit-Blutegel-auf-dem-Kopf.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-5769\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Calumma amber<\/em> with a leech on its head in the Montagne d&#8217;Ambre<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Leeches are common in Madagascar, but they appear to infest chameleons only very rarely. Unfortunately, studies on leeches that infest reptiles are rather scarce. There are some studies on the infestation of turtles and crocodiles by various species of leech. To date, there has been no research whatsoever into the occurrence of leeches on chameleons in Madagascar. We have so far observed a leech on a <em>Calumma amber<\/em> in the Montagne d&#8217;Ambre on one occasion. It was not possible to verify whether this was a coincidence or whether the leech was actually feeding on the chameleon. This therefore represents an exciting area for further research.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Parasites are a very common problem in chameleons, particularly in wild-caught animals and those captive-bred in large breeding facilities. Generally speaking, a distinction is made between endoparasites and ectoparasites. Endoparasites are those that colonise the inside of a chameleon. Ectoparasites, on the other hand, are found only on the chameleon\u2019s skin. Parasites vary in how \u2018disease-causing\u2019 they are for chameleons: some are very harmful even with a minor infestation, whilst others remain harmless for a long time. This article aims to provide an overview of the most common parasites found in chameleons, including how they are transmitted, their life cycles and how they can be detected. No treatment options are recommended here, as both the diagnosis and treatment of a parasitic infestation should always be discussed with a vet specialising in reptiles. How can you tell if a chameleon has parasites? With ectoparasites, it\u2019s quite simple: you can see them with the naked eye. Small, red bumps in the armpits or a large tick on the nose. With endoparasites, unfortunately, it\u2019s not that simple. Most parasite eggs aren\u2019t visible in the droppings at all. And if whole worms are already being passed, the infection is usually already very advanced. You&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5769,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[1197,1189,1187,1190,1171,1185,1195,1173,1172,334,1146,1150,1077,637,1151,1160,1154,1153,1198,1156,1182,1181,1196,1180,1161,1162,1152,1148,1149,362,1158,1163,1177,1184,1164,1183,1199,1174,1159,1157,1193,1191,1192,1144,1147,1041,1155,1167,1166,1145,1194,1176,1175,1170,1179,1188,1178,1169,1168,1186,1200,1165],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1000"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1000"}],"version-history":[{"count":135,"href":"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1000\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15691,"href":"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1000\/revisions\/15691"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5769"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1000"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1000"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1000"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}