{"id":9434,"date":"2020-05-10T20:51:47","date_gmt":"2020-05-10T18:51:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/?p=9434"},"modified":"2026-10-11T13:39:29","modified_gmt":"2026-10-11T11:39:29","slug":"fressfeinde-von-chamaeleons-auf-madagaskar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/fressfeinde-von-chamaeleons-auf-madagaskar\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u00e9dateurs de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_89 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Inhaltsverzeichnis<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6adfcd08245a2\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6adfcd08245a2\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/fressfeinde-von-chamaeleons-auf-madagaskar\/#Oiseaux\" >Oiseaux<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/fressfeinde-von-chamaeleons-auf-madagaskar\/#Les_rapaces_diurnes\" >Les rapaces diurnes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/fressfeinde-von-chamaeleons-auf-madagaskar\/#Les_rapaces_noctures\" >Les rapaces noctures<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/fressfeinde-von-chamaeleons-auf-madagaskar\/#Les_Vangas\" >Les Vangas<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/fressfeinde-von-chamaeleons-auf-madagaskar\/#Brachypterolles\" >Brachypt\u00e9rolles<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/fressfeinde-von-chamaeleons-auf-madagaskar\/#Couas\" >Couas<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/fressfeinde-von-chamaeleons-auf-madagaskar\/#Autres_oiseaux\" >Autres oiseaux<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/fressfeinde-von-chamaeleons-auf-madagaskar\/#Serpents\" >Serpents<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/fressfeinde-von-chamaeleons-auf-madagaskar\/#Colubrides\" >Colubrid\u00e9s<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/fressfeinde-von-chamaeleons-auf-madagaskar\/#Ithycyphus\" >Ithycyphus<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/fressfeinde-von-chamaeleons-auf-madagaskar\/#Serpents_aux_yeux_de_chat_Madagascarophis\" >Serpents aux yeux de chat (Madagascarophis)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/fressfeinde-von-chamaeleons-auf-madagaskar\/#Serpents_crayon_Mimophis\" >Serpents crayon (Mimophis)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/fressfeinde-von-chamaeleons-auf-madagaskar\/#Serpents_a_grosse_tete_Compsophis\" >Serpents \u00e0 grosse t\u00eate (Compsophis)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/fressfeinde-von-chamaeleons-auf-madagaskar\/#Parastenophis_betsileanus\" >Parastenophis betsileanus<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/fressfeinde-von-chamaeleons-auf-madagaskar\/#Serpents_des_bois_Pseudoxyrhopus\" >Serpents des bois (Pseudoxyrhopus)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/fressfeinde-von-chamaeleons-auf-madagaskar\/#Serpent_a_groin_de_Madagascar_Leioheterodon_madagascariensis\" >Serpent \u00e0 groin de Madagascar (Leioheterodon madagascariensis)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/fressfeinde-von-chamaeleons-auf-madagaskar\/#Serpent_a_feuille_Langaha_madagascariensis\" >Serpent \u00e0 feuille (Langaha madagascariensis)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/fressfeinde-von-chamaeleons-auf-madagaskar\/#Cannibalisme\" >Cannibalisme<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/fressfeinde-von-chamaeleons-auf-madagaskar\/#Grenouilles\" >Grenouilles<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/fressfeinde-von-chamaeleons-auf-madagaskar\/#Invertebres\" >Invert\u00e9br\u00e9s<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/fressfeinde-von-chamaeleons-auf-madagaskar\/#Lemuriens\" >L\u00e9muriens<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/fressfeinde-von-chamaeleons-auf-madagaskar\/#Le_katta_Lemur_catta_et_le_maki_rouge_Eulemur_rufus\" >Le katta (Lemur catta) et le maki rouge (Eulemur rufus)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/fressfeinde-von-chamaeleons-auf-madagaskar\/#Hybrides_de_lemuriens\" >Hybrides de l\u00e9muriens<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/fressfeinde-von-chamaeleons-auf-madagaskar\/#Microcebe_de_Madame_Berthe_Microcebus_berthae\" >Microc\u00e8be de Madame Berthe (Microcebus berthae)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/fressfeinde-von-chamaeleons-auf-madagaskar\/#Microcebe_mignon_Microcebus_murinus\" >Microc\u00e8be mignon (Microcebus murinus)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/fressfeinde-von-chamaeleons-auf-madagaskar\/#Microceve_roux_Microcebus_rufus\" >Microc\u00e8ve roux (Microcebus rufus)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/fressfeinde-von-chamaeleons-auf-madagaskar\/#Chirogale_moyen_Cheirogaleus_medius\" >Chirogale moyen (Cheirogaleus medius)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/fressfeinde-von-chamaeleons-auf-madagaskar\/#Microcebe_de_Coquerel_Mirza_coquereli\" >Microc\u00e8be de Coquerel (Mirza coquereli)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/fressfeinde-von-chamaeleons-auf-madagaskar\/#Autres_mammiferes\" >Autres mammif\u00e8res<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/fressfeinde-von-chamaeleons-auf-madagaskar\/#Fossa_Cryptoprocta_ferox\" >Fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/fressfeinde-von-chamaeleons-auf-madagaskar\/#Literatur_zu_diesem_Thema\" >Literatur zu diesem Thema<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p class=\"dropcap\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les connaissances sur les pr\u00e9dateurs des cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons malgaches proviennent principalement de t\u00e9moignages anecdotiques et, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, d\u2019\u00e9tudes peu syst\u00e9matiques. Nous observons aussi, de temps \u00e0 autre, des cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons devenant la proie d\u2019autres animaux dans la nature \u00e0 Madagascar. Jenkins, Rabearivony et Rakotomanana ont publi\u00e9 en 2009 la seule synth\u00e8se disponible \u00e0 ce jour sur le sujet.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-154\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"150\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-154\">150<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"150\">Jenkins Richard K.B., Rabearivony Jeanneney, Rakotomanana Hajanirina (2009): Predation on chameleons in Madagascar: a review. African Journal of Herpetology 58(2): 131-136. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madagasikara-voakajy.org\/17-predation-on-chameleons-in-madagascar-a-review\/file\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span> Nous avons r\u00e9dig\u00e9 cet article afin de faire le point sur les connaissances actuelles concernant les pr\u00e9dateurs des cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons malgaches. On peut actuellement consid\u00e9rer qu&rsquo;\u00e0 Madagascar, ce sont principalement les oiseaux et les serpents qui se nourrissent de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons. \n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Oiseaux\"><\/span>Oiseaux<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les oiseaux sont <em>les<\/em> pr\u00e9dateurs des cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons malgaches. Ce n&rsquo;est qu&rsquo;\u00e0 une distance consid\u00e9rable que l&rsquo;on trouve d&rsquo;autres pr\u00e9dateurs en nombre significatif. D&rsquo;innombrables observations font \u00e9tat d&rsquo;esp\u00e8ces d&rsquo;oiseaux tr\u00e8s diverses qui se nourrissent occasionnellement, voire r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement, de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Les_rapaces_diurnes\"><\/span>Les rapaces diurnes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<div id=\"attachment_15567\" style=\"width: 210px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15567\" class=\"wp-image-15567 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Eutriorchis-astur-public-domain-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"Zeichnung eines Eutriorchis astur (Geckoweih).\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Eutriorchis-astur-public-domain-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Eutriorchis-astur-public-domain-514x771.jpg 514w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Eutriorchis-astur-public-domain-420x630.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Eutriorchis-astur-public-domain-81x122.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Eutriorchis-astur-public-domain.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-15567\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dessin d&rsquo;un <em>Eutriorchis astur<\/em> \u2013 il n&rsquo;existe que tr\u00e8s peu de photos<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Parmi les oiseaux, deux rapaces m\u00e9ritent une mention particuli\u00e8re : le Firasab\u00e9 de Madagascar (<em>Eutriorchis astur<\/em>) et le Faucon \u00e0 ventre ray\u00e9. Les cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons semblent repr\u00e9senter une part tr\u00e8s importante du r\u00e9gime alimentaire de ces deux esp\u00e8ces. Tous deux chassent principalement dans la cime des arbres, ce qui fait des cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons, en tant qu\u2019animaux arboricoles, des proies tout d\u00e9sign\u00e9es. Chez le Firasab\u00e9, on a observ\u00e9, au cours d&rsquo;une couv\u00e9e pendant la saison des pluies, que pr\u00e8s de 50 % des proies \u00e9taient des cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-155\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"151\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-155\">151<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"151\">Thorstrom Russel, Ren\u00e9 de Roland Lily-Arison (2000): First nest description, breeding behaviour and distribution of the Madagascar Serpent-Eagle <em>Eutriorchis astur<\/em>. Ibis 142: 217-224. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Russell-Thorstrom\/publication\/227780668_First_nest_description_breeding_behaviour_and_distribution_of_the_Madagascar_Serpent-Eagle_Eutriorchis_astur\/links\/5aba5685a6fdcc0e3d9ed722\/First-nest-description-breeding-behaviour-and-distribution-of-the-Madagascar-Serpent-Eagle-Eutriorchis-astur.pdf?origin=publicationSearch&amp;_rtd=e30%3D&amp;_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6ImhvbWUiLCJwYWdlIjoic2VhcmNoIiwicG9zaXRpb24iOiJwYWdlSGVhZGVyIn19\">Download<\/a><\/span>. Les Firasab\u00e9s sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement perch\u00e9s sur une branche haute, d\u2019o\u00f9 ils observent les environs. Lorsqu\u2019ils rep\u00e8rent une proie int\u00e9ressante, ils s\u2019envolent vers elle et la saisissent \u00e0 l\u2019aide de leurs puissantes griffes. Les cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons sont alors g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement transperc\u00e9s et meurent sur le coup. Les Firasab\u00e9s retournent ensuite \u00e0 leur poste d\u2019observation avec leur proie pour la d\u00e9vorer morceau par morceau. Ce sont surtout des reptiles d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u00e9capit\u00e9s qui sont apport\u00e9s dans le nid aux oisillons. Le Firasab\u00e9 m\u00e8ne d&rsquo;ailleurs une vie tr\u00e8s recluse, et on ne peut l&rsquo;observer que dans tr\u00e8s peu de lieux \u00e0 Madagascar. Sa population, en diminution \u00e0 vue d&rsquo;\u0153il, est d\u00e9sormais consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/madagassische-chamaeleons-auf-der-roten-liste-gefaehrdeter-tierarten\/\">gravement menac\u00e9e<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dans certaines r\u00e9gions de Madagascar, le Faucon \u00e0 ventre ray\u00e9 (<em>Falco zoniventris<\/em>) \u00e9tait autrefois consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un chasseur exclusivement sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons. Dans la for\u00eat tropicale de Masoala, les cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons repr\u00e9sentent en effet jusqu\u2019\u00e0 50 % de l\u2019alimentation du faucon \u00e0 ventre ray\u00e9.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-156\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"152\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-156\">152<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"152\">Ren\u00e9 de Roland, L.-A., Rabearivony, J.R., Razafimanajato,R. H.R., Obenarimangason, H.R., Thorstrom, R. (2005): Breeding biology and diet of the banded kestrel <em>Falco zoniventris<\/em> on Masoala peninsula. Ostrich 76: 32-36. <a href=\"https:\/\/assets.peregrinefund.org\/docs\/pdf\/research-library\/2005\/2005-Rene-de-Roland-banded-kestrel.pdf\">Download<\/a><\/span> Que ce soit \u00e0 Ifaty, dans le sud-ouest de Madagascar, ou \u00e0 Marojejy, dans le nord-est de l&rsquo;\u00eele, on a observ\u00e9 partout que les faucons \u00e0 ventre ray\u00e9 se nourrissaient de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-157\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"153\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-157\">153<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"153\">Moger, C. (2004): Birdwatching trip report. Available on <a href=\"http:\/\/www.birdtours.co.uk\/tripreports\/madagascar\/mad7\/mad-oct-04.htm\">http:\/\/www.birdtours.co.uk\/tripreports\/madagascar\/mad7\/mad-oct-04.htm<\/a> <\/span> <sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-158\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"154\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-158\">154<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"154\">Colebrook-Robjent, J.F.R. (1973): The breeding of the Madagascar banded kestrel. Bulletin of the British Ornithology club 93: 108-111. <\/span> Et d\u00e9j\u00e0, il y a pr\u00e8s de 90 ans, des analyses du contenu stomacal faisaient \u00e9tat de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons parmi les proies du faucon \u00e0 ventre ray\u00e9 dans le nord-est de Madagascar.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-159\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"155\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-159\">155<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"155\">Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/bulletin-american-museum-natural-history-72-143-499\/page\/378\/mode\/2up?q=falco+zoniventris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span> Des observations r\u00e9alis\u00e9es dans d&rsquo;autres r\u00e9gions de Madagascar sugg\u00e8rent toutefois que les cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons ne constituent qu&rsquo;une partie d&rsquo;un tr\u00e8s large \u00e9ventail de proies potentielles du faucon \u00e0 ventre ray\u00e9.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-160\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"156\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-160\">156<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"156\">Thorstrom, R. (1999): A description of the nests, diet and behaviour of the banded kestrel. Ostrich 70: 149-151. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/233084632_A_description_of_nests_diet_and_behaviour_of_the_Banded_Kestrel\">Download<\/a><\/span> Il semble que cet oiseau de proie puisse se nourrir davantage d&rsquo;insectes, de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons, de geckos ou de petits oiseaux, selon la disponibilit\u00e9 de ces proies. C&rsquo;est pourquoi on ne consid\u00e8re plus aujourd&rsquo;hui le faucon \u00e0 ventre ray\u00e9 comme un pr\u00e9dateur exclusivement nourri de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons. En raison de son vaste aire de r\u00e9partition, le faucon \u00e0 ventre ray\u00e9 n&rsquo;est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une esp\u00e8ce menac\u00e9e. On l&rsquo;observe r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement \u00e0 Madagascar.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">On soup\u00e7onne fortement que les cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons font partie des proies potentielles du l\u2019\u00c9pervier de Frances (<em>Tachyspiza francesii<\/em>). Des \u00e9tudes ont montr\u00e9 que jusqu\u2019\u00e0 42 % de ses proies sont des reptiles. Malheureusement, celles-ci n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9es plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment \u2013 il se pourrait bien qu\u2019il y ait eu des cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons parmi elles. \u00c0 ce jour, un cam\u00e9l\u00e9on n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9tect\u00e9 qu\u2019une seule fois dans l\u2019estomac d\u2019un \u00c9pervier de Frances, bien que, dans la m\u00eame \u00e9tude, aucun des autres \u00c9perviers de Frances examin\u00e9s n\u2019ait mang\u00e9 de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-161\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"157\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-161\">157<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"157\">Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/bulletin-american-museum-natural-history-72-143-499\/page\/378\/mode\/2up?q=falco+zoniventris\">Download<\/a><\/span>\n<div id='gallery-15' class='gallery galleryid-9434 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-large'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Falco-zoniventris-banded-kestrel-in-Ankarafantsika-Madagascar-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-683x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-15-15570\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Falco-zoniventris-banded-kestrel-in-Ankarafantsika-Madagascar-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Falco-zoniventris-banded-kestrel-in-Ankarafantsika-Madagascar-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Falco-zoniventris-banded-kestrel-in-Ankarafantsika-Madagascar-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Falco-zoniventris-banded-kestrel-in-Ankarafantsika-Madagascar-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Falco-zoniventris-banded-kestrel-in-Ankarafantsika-Madagascar-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-514x771.jpg 514w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Falco-zoniventris-banded-kestrel-in-Ankarafantsika-Madagascar-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-420x630.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Falco-zoniventris-banded-kestrel-in-Ankarafantsika-Madagascar-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-81x121.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Falco-zoniventris-banded-kestrel-in-Ankarafantsika-Madagascar-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro.jpg 1249w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-15-15570'>\n\t\t\t\tFalco zoniventris in Ankarafantsika\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Tachyspiza-francesiae-Echsenhabicht-fotografiert-in-Akaninny-Nofy-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-683x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-15-15571\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Tachyspiza-francesiae-Echsenhabicht-fotografiert-in-Akaninny-Nofy-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Tachyspiza-francesiae-Echsenhabicht-fotografiert-in-Akaninny-Nofy-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Tachyspiza-francesiae-Echsenhabicht-fotografiert-in-Akaninny-Nofy-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Tachyspiza-francesiae-Echsenhabicht-fotografiert-in-Akaninny-Nofy-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-514x771.jpg 514w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Tachyspiza-francesiae-Echsenhabicht-fotografiert-in-Akaninny-Nofy-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-420x630.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Tachyspiza-francesiae-Echsenhabicht-fotografiert-in-Akaninny-Nofy-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-81x122.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Tachyspiza-francesiae-Echsenhabicht-fotografiert-in-Akaninny-Nofy-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-15-15571'>\n\t\t\t\tTachyspiza francesiae in Akanin&rsquo;ny Nofy\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"682\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Buteo-brachypterus-Madagaskar-Bussard-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-in-Kirindy-Madagaskar-682x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-15-15572\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Buteo-brachypterus-Madagaskar-Bussard-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-in-Kirindy-Madagaskar-682x1024.jpg 682w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Buteo-brachypterus-Madagaskar-Bussard-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-in-Kirindy-Madagaskar-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Buteo-brachypterus-Madagaskar-Bussard-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-in-Kirindy-Madagaskar-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Buteo-brachypterus-Madagaskar-Bussard-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-in-Kirindy-Madagaskar-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Buteo-brachypterus-Madagaskar-Bussard-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-in-Kirindy-Madagaskar-514x771.jpg 514w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Buteo-brachypterus-Madagaskar-Bussard-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-in-Kirindy-Madagaskar-420x630.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Buteo-brachypterus-Madagaskar-Bussard-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-in-Kirindy-Madagaskar-81x122.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Buteo-brachypterus-Madagaskar-Bussard-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-in-Kirindy-Madagaskar.jpg 1129w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 682px) 100vw, 682px\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-15-15572'>\n\t\t\t\tButeo brachypterus in Kirindy\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le Baza malgache (<em>Aviceda madagascariensis<\/em>) est \u00e9galement consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un pr\u00e9dateur de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons. Cette hypoth\u00e8se repose sur des analyses du contenu stomacal, qui ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 la pr\u00e9sence de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons chez pr\u00e8s des trois quarts des oiseaux examin\u00e9s.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-162\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"158\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-162\">158<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"158\">Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. Download<\/span> Des \u00e9tudes r\u00e9centes n&rsquo;ont pas encore pu confirmer cette hypoth\u00e8se \u00e0 partir d&rsquo;observations. On ne sait donc pas encore s&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;une d\u00e9couverte fortuite ou si le Baza malgache chasse effectivement une grande partie de ses proies parmi les cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La Buse de Madagascar (<em>Buteo brachypterus<\/em>) est pr\u00e9sente dans presque tous les habitats de Madagascar. Dans la for\u00eat tropicale d&rsquo;Analalava, pr\u00e8s de Mahavelona, sur la c\u00f4te est, une buse de Madagascar a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e d\u00e9capitant un cam\u00e9l\u00e9on et en mangeant la t\u00eate. Le rapace a ensuite rapport\u00e9 le corps du cam\u00e9l\u00e9on \u00e0 son nid pour nourrir ses deux oisillons.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-163\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"159\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-163\">159<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"159\">Goodman, S.M., Pidgeon, M., Hawkins, A.F.A., Schulenberg, T.S. (1997): The birds of southeastern Madagascar. Fieldiana Zoology 87: 1-132. Download<\/span> Weitere Madagaskar-Bussarde wurden in einer l\u00e4ngeren Studie in Masoala beobachtet. Rund 11% der Beute waren dabei Cham\u00e4leons.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-164\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"160\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-164\">160<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"160\">Berkelmann, J. (1997): Food habits of the Madagascar buzzard in the rainforest of the Masoala peninsula. The Condor 9: 833-835. <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/condor\/article-abstract\/99\/3\/833\/5124452?redirectedFrom=fulltext\">Download<\/a><\/span> Au d\u00e9but du XXe si\u00e8cle, des scientifiques ont estim\u00e9 un pourcentage l\u00e9g\u00e8rement sup\u00e9rieur apr\u00e8s avoir d\u00e9couvert, dans l&rsquo;estomac de buses mortes, environ 20 % de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-165\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"161\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-165\">161<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"161\">Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. Download<\/span>\u00a0D&rsquo;autres observations effectu\u00e9es \u00e0 Ankarafantsika font \u00e9tat de plus de 17 cr\u00e2nes de <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em> tu\u00e9s dans un seul nid de buse de Madagascar.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-166\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"162\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-166\">162<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"162\"> Metcalf, J., Bayly, N., Bisoa, M., Rabearivony, J., Stewart-Jones, A. (2005): <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em>, <em>Furcifer rhinoceratus<\/em>. Predation. Herpetological Review 36(4): 447-448.<\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le busard de Madagascar (<em>Circus macrosceles<\/em>) ne se nourrit que tr\u00e8s peu de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons \u00e0 Ambohitantely, dans les hauts plateaux du nord.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-167\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"163\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-167\">163<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"163\">Ren\u00e9 de Roland, L-A., Rabearivony, J.R., Randriamanga, I, Thorstrom, R. (2004): Nesting biology and diet of the Madagascar harrier (<em>Circus macrosceles<\/em>) in Ambohitantely Special Reserve, Madagascar. Journal of Raptor Research 38: 256-262. <a href=\"https:\/\/digitalcommons.usf.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=2653&amp;context=jrr\">Download<\/a><\/span>\u00a0Le Gymnog\u00e8ne de Madagascar<!--TgQPHd|||[[[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[247864,null,0]]]]--> (<em>Polyboroides radiatus<\/em>) semble chasser les cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons avec une raret\u00e9 comparable \u00e0 Berenty, \u00e0 l&rsquo;extr\u00eame sud-est de l&rsquo;\u00eele. Dans une \u00e9tude, les <em>Furcifer major<\/em> ne repr\u00e9sentaient que 0,1 % des proies rapport\u00e9es au nid par le partenaire nicheur.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-168\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"164\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-168\">164<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"164\">Karpanty, S.M., Goodman, S.M. (1999): Diet of the Madagascar harrier-hawk <em>Polyboroides radiatus<\/em> in south-eastern Madagascar. Journal of Raptor Research 33: 313-316. <a href=\"https:\/\/digitalcommons.usf.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=2397&amp;context=jrr\">Download<\/a><\/span>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Les_rapaces_noctures\"><\/span>Les rapaces noctures<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les rapaces nocturnes, notamment les chouettes, semblent ne capturer que tr\u00e8s rarement un cam\u00e9l\u00e9on \u2013 sans doute parce que les cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons dorment la nuit et qu&rsquo;immobiles, ils sont plus difficiles \u00e0 rep\u00e9rer en tant que proies.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00c0 ce jour, des restes de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons n&rsquo;ont \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9s qu&rsquo;une seule fois dans les pelotes de r\u00e9jection de l&rsquo;Effraie des clochers (<em>Tyto alba<\/em>), et ce bien qu&rsquo;elle soit pr\u00e9sente dans des r\u00e9gions o\u00f9 les cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons sont tr\u00e8s nombreux, comme la c\u00f4te est de Madagascar. La d\u00e9couverte isol\u00e9e mentionn\u00e9e concernait probablement un jeune <em>Furcifer verrucosus<\/em> ou un <em>Furcifer major<\/em>, captur\u00e9 pendant la saison des pluies \u00e0 Beza-Mahafaly, dans le sud-ouest de Madagascar.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-169\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"165\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-169\">165<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"165\">Goodman, S.M., Langrand, O.L. (1993): Food habits of the barn owl <em>Tyto alba<\/em> at three sites on Madagascar. Ostrich 64(4): 160-171. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/document\/show\/253784\">Download<\/a><\/span>\n<div id='gallery-16' class='gallery galleryid-9434 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-large'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"453\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Athene-superciliaris-CC-0-e1791368680378.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-16-16121\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Athene-superciliaris-CC-0-e1791368680378.jpg 453w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Athene-superciliaris-CC-0-e1791368680378-199x300.jpg 199w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Athene-superciliaris-CC-0-e1791368680378-420x632.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Athene-superciliaris-CC-0-e1791368680378-81x122.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Athene-superciliaris-CC-0-e1791368680378-200x301.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 453px) 100vw, 453px\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-16-16121'>\n\t\t\t\tAthene superciliaris in Ifaty\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Otus-rutilus-auf-Nosy-Be-683x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-16-16122\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Otus-rutilus-auf-Nosy-Be-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Otus-rutilus-auf-Nosy-Be-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Otus-rutilus-auf-Nosy-Be-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Otus-rutilus-auf-Nosy-Be-514x771.jpg 514w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Otus-rutilus-auf-Nosy-Be-420x630.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Otus-rutilus-auf-Nosy-Be-81x122.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Otus-rutilus-auf-Nosy-Be.jpg 1018w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-16-16122'>\n\t\t\t\tOtus rutilus auf Nosy Be\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Otus-rutilus-Jungtier-in-Maromizaha-683x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-16-16123\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Otus-rutilus-Jungtier-in-Maromizaha-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Otus-rutilus-Jungtier-in-Maromizaha-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Otus-rutilus-Jungtier-in-Maromizaha-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Otus-rutilus-Jungtier-in-Maromizaha-514x771.jpg 514w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Otus-rutilus-Jungtier-in-Maromizaha-420x630.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Otus-rutilus-Jungtier-in-Maromizaha-81x122.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Otus-rutilus-Jungtier-in-Maromizaha.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-16-16123'>\n\t\t\t\tJungtier von Otus rutilus\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La Chev\u00eache \u00e0 sourcils blancs (<em>Athene superciliaris<\/em>), une esp\u00e8ce relativement petite pr\u00e9sente dans presque toutes les r\u00e9gions c\u00f4ti\u00e8res de Madagascar, n&rsquo;a, elle non plus, \u00e9t\u00e9 associ\u00e9e \u00e0 la consommation d&rsquo;un cam\u00e9l\u00e9on qu&rsquo;\u00e0 une seule occasion av\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00e0 ce jour.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-170\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"166\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-170\">166<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"166\">Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/bulletin-american-museum-natural-history-72-143-499\/page\/378\/mode\/2up?q=falco+zoniventris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le Petit-duc malgache (<em>Otus rutilus<\/em>), une esp\u00e8ce elle aussi assez commune, n&rsquo;a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9 qu&rsquo;une seule fois en train de se nourrir d&rsquo;un petit cam\u00e9l\u00e9on du genre <em>Calumma<\/em> \u00e0 Andohahela.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-171\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"167\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-171\">167<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"167\">Goodman, S.M., Pidgeon, M., Hawkins, A.F.A., Schulenberg, T.S. (1997): The birds of southeastern Madagascar. Fieldiana Zoology 87: 1-132. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/item\/164285#page\/65\/mode\/1up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Les_Vangas\"><\/span>Les Vangas<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les oiseaux chanteurs de la famille des Vangas, ne se trouvent qu&rsquo;\u00e0 Madagascar et aux Comores voisines. \u00c0 l&rsquo;instar des pinsons de Darwin des \u00eeles Gal\u00e1pagos, ils se sont diversifi\u00e9s au fil des si\u00e8cles en de nombreuses esp\u00e8ces occupant des niches \u00e9cologiques sp\u00e9cifiques. On en d\u00e9nombre aujourd&rsquo;hui 39 esp\u00e8ces, qui ne pourraient gu\u00e8re \u00eatre plus diff\u00e9rentes les unes des autres sur le plan physique.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_15575\" style=\"width: 210px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15575\" class=\"wp-image-15575 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Vanga-curvirostris-hook-billed-Vanga-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-in-Ankarafantsika-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Vanga-curvirostris-hook-billed-Vanga-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-in-Ankarafantsika-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Vanga-curvirostris-hook-billed-Vanga-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-in-Ankarafantsika-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Vanga-curvirostris-hook-billed-Vanga-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-in-Ankarafantsika-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Vanga-curvirostris-hook-billed-Vanga-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-in-Ankarafantsika-514x771.jpg 514w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Vanga-curvirostris-hook-billed-Vanga-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-in-Ankarafantsika-420x630.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Vanga-curvirostris-hook-billed-Vanga-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-in-Ankarafantsika-81x122.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Vanga-curvirostris-hook-billed-Vanga-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-in-Ankarafantsika.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-15575\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Un vanga \u00e9corcheur \u00e0 Ankarafantsika, dans l&rsquo;ouest de Madagascar<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les Vangas \u00e9corcheurs (<em>Vanga curvirostris<\/em>) semblent se nourrir r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons. Ils attrapent les cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons avec leur bec, puis les frappent contre une branche pour les tuer. \u00c0 Manantantely, dans le sud-est de Madagascar, on a observ\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises que les vangas \u00e9corcheurs coin\u00e7aient des cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons morts, la t\u00eate en bas, dans des fourches d\u2019arbres afin de les d\u00e9chiqueter plus facilement.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-172\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"168\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-172\">168<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"168\">Goodman, S.M., Pidgeon, M., Hawkins, A.F.A., Schulenberg, T.S. (1997): The birds of southeastern Madagascar. Fieldiana Zoology 87: 1-132. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/item\/164285#page\/65\/mode\/1up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span> Une \u00e9tude observationnelle men\u00e9e sur les vangas \u00e9corcheurs \u00e0 Ankarafantsika, dans le nord-ouest de Madagascar, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que la proportion de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons parmi leurs proies d\u00e9passait l\u00e9g\u00e8rement les 10 %.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-173\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"169\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-173\">169<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"169\">Rakotomanana, H., Akamura, M.N., Yamagishi, S. (2001): Breeding ecology of the endemic hook-billed vanga, <em>Vanga curvirostris<\/em>, in Madagascar. Journal of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology. 33: 25-35. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/content\/documents\/ffae6799-245a-4c17-83f5-8de2f7dfe85e\/a7485c0e593947daa1949a8a38d094c8.pdf&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjN_MWai96SAxUKgP0HHZznCuMQFnoECCMQAQ&amp;usg=AOvVaw06gpoWWZ95kWpOzzQ8HlVs\">Download<\/a><\/span>\u00a0Les parents nourrissaient leurs oisillons dans le nid aussi bien avec des <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em> que des <em>Furcifer rhinoceratus<\/em> et des <em>Brookesia decaryi<\/em>, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire toutes les esp\u00e8ces les plus courantes de la for\u00eat s\u00e8che locale. De plus, les vangas \u00e9corcheurs ont donn\u00e9 \u00e0 leurs oisillons de nombreux morceaux de viande d\u00e9j\u00e0 broy\u00e9s, dont les auteurs supposent qu\u2019une grande partie pourrait \u00e9galement provenir de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons. Une \u00e9tude plus ancienne a mis au jour des cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons dans la plupart des estomacs de vangas \u00e9corcheurs provenant du nord de Madagascar.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-174\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"170\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-174\">170<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"170\">Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/bulletin-american-museum-natural-history-72-143-499\/page\/378\/mode\/2up?q=falco+zoniventris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00c0 l&rsquo;inverse, l<em>&lsquo;<\/em>artamie \u00e0 t\u00eate blanche\u00a0(<em>Artamella viridis<\/em>) ne semble s&rsquo;attaquer aux cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons que lorsque l&rsquo;occasion se pr\u00e9sente.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-175\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"171\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-175\">171<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"171\">Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/bulletin-american-museum-natural-history-72-143-499\/page\/378\/mode\/2up?q=falco+zoniventris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span>\n<div id=\"attachment_15576\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15576\" class=\"wp-image-15576 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Artamella-viridis-white-headed-Vanga-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-in-Kirindy-Madagaskar-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Wei\u00dfkopfvanga in Kirindy\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Artamella-viridis-white-headed-Vanga-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-in-Kirindy-Madagaskar-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Artamella-viridis-white-headed-Vanga-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-in-Kirindy-Madagaskar-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Artamella-viridis-white-headed-Vanga-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-in-Kirindy-Madagaskar-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Artamella-viridis-white-headed-Vanga-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-in-Kirindy-Madagaskar-1157x771.jpg 1157w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Artamella-viridis-white-headed-Vanga-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-in-Kirindy-Madagaskar-420x280.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Artamella-viridis-white-headed-Vanga-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-in-Kirindy-Madagaskar-81x54.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Artamella-viridis-white-headed-Vanga-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-in-Kirindy-Madagaskar-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Artamella-viridis-white-headed-Vanga-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-in-Kirindy-Madagaskar.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-15576\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Une artamie \u00e0 t\u00eate blanche \u00e0 Kirindy<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Plusieurs observations d&rsquo;Euryc\u00e8re de Pr\u00e9vost (<em>Euryceros prevostii<\/em>) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9es dans la for\u00eat tropicale de Masoala, o\u00f9 des cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons terrestres, vraisemblablement des <em>Brookesia griveaudi<\/em>, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 donn\u00e9s en p\u00e2ture \u00e0 des oisillons ou d\u00e9vor\u00e9s par des oiseaux adultes.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-176\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"172\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-176\">172<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"172\">Lamarca, G., Thorstrom, R. (1999): Breeding biology, diet and vocalization of the helmet vanga, <em>Euryceros prevostii<\/em>, on the Masoala Peninsula, Madagascar. Ostrich 71: 400-403. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/241723552_Breeding_biology_diet_and_vocalization_of_the_Helmet_Vanga_Euryceros_prevostii_on_the_Masoala_Peninsula_Madagascar\">Download<\/a><\/span><sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-177\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"173\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-177\">173<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"173\">Thostrom, R., Watson, R.T. (1997): Avian inventory and key species of the Masoala peninsula, Madagascar. Bird Conservation International 7: 99-115. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/231856656_Avian_inventory_and_key_species_of_the_Masoala_Peninsula_Madagascar\">Download<\/a><\/span> Au total, les cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons ne repr\u00e9sentaient toutefois qu&rsquo;un peu plus de 1 % de l&rsquo;alimentation des Euryc\u00e8re de Pr\u00e9vost observ\u00e9s ; les insectes constituaient la majeure partie de leur r\u00e9gime alimentaire.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Brachypterolles\"><\/span>Brachypt\u00e9rolles<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dans l&rsquo;ensemble, les cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons terrestres sont moins souvent la proie des oiseaux. Mais m\u00eame ces petits cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons discrets sont r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement attaqu\u00e9s et d\u00e9vor\u00e9s par des oiseaux qui cherchent leur nourriture dans le feuillage. On a observ\u00e9 dans la for\u00eat tropicale de Masoala que le Brachypt\u00e9rolle leptosome (<em>Brachypteracias leptosomus<\/em>) se nourrissait \u00e0 environ 7 % de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons terrestres du genre <em>Brookesia<\/em><sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-178\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"174\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-178\">174<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"174\">Thostrom, R., Lind, J. (1999): First nest description, breeding, ranging and foraging behaviour of the short-legged ground roller <em>Brachypteracias leptosomus<\/em> in Madagascar. Ibis 141: 569-576. <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1474-919X.1999.tb07364.x\">Download<\/a><\/span>. Les cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons de taille moyenne et leurs jeunes repr\u00e9sentaient moins de 1 % de leur alimentation. Sur la c\u00f4te est centrale, on a \u00e9galement trouv\u00e9 des cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons dans l&rsquo;estomac des Brachypt\u00e9rolles leptosomes.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-179\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"175\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-179\">175<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"175\">Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/bulletin-american-museum-natural-history-72-143-499\/page\/378\/mode\/2up?q=falco+zoniventris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le Brachypt\u00e9rolle \u00e9caill\u00e9<span id=\"mwOQ\">\u00a0<\/span> (<em>Geobiastes squamiger<\/em>) a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9 \u00e0 Masoala en train de se nourrir de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons terrestres.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-180\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"176\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-180\">176<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"176\">Thostrom, R., Watson, R.T. (1997): Avian inventory and key species of the Masoala peninsula, Madagascar. Bird Conservation International 7: 99-115. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/231856656_Avian_inventory_and_key_species_of_the_Masoala_Peninsula_Madagascar\">Download<\/a><\/span> Les deux esp\u00e8ces de Brachypt\u00e9rolles se d\u00e9placent principalement au sol, \u00e0 l&rsquo;aff\u00fbt du moindre mouvement dans la couche de feuilles mortes. Lorsqu&rsquo;ils rep\u00e8rent une proie potentielle, ils se pr\u00e9cipitent vers l&rsquo;endroit en question et retournent les feuilles avec leur bec jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 la d\u00e9couvrir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Une troisi\u00e8me esp\u00e8ce de Brachypt\u00e9rolle, qui chasse le cam\u00e9l\u00e9on terrestre, est le Brachypt\u00e9rolle pitto\u00efde<span id=\"mwRQ\">\u00a0<\/span> (<em>Atelornis pittoides<\/em>). Il se nourrit toutefois principalement d&rsquo;insectes et ne capture qu&rsquo;occasionnellement un cam\u00e9l\u00e9on terrestre.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-181\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"177\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-181\">177<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"177\">Thostrom, R., Lind, J. (1999): First nest description, breeding, ranging and foraging behaviour of the short-legged ground roller <em>Brachypteracias leptosomus<\/em> in Madagascar. Ibis 141: 569-576. <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1474-919X.1999.tb07364.x\">Download<\/a><\/span>.<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-17' class='gallery galleryid-9434 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-large'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Geobiastes-squamiger-Scaly-ground-roller-fotografiert-in-Mantadia-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-2-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-17-15579\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Geobiastes-squamiger-Scaly-ground-roller-fotografiert-in-Mantadia-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-2-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Geobiastes-squamiger-Scaly-ground-roller-fotografiert-in-Mantadia-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Geobiastes-squamiger-Scaly-ground-roller-fotografiert-in-Mantadia-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Geobiastes-squamiger-Scaly-ground-roller-fotografiert-in-Mantadia-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-2-1157x771.jpg 1157w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Geobiastes-squamiger-Scaly-ground-roller-fotografiert-in-Mantadia-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-2-420x280.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Geobiastes-squamiger-Scaly-ground-roller-fotografiert-in-Mantadia-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-2-81x54.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Geobiastes-squamiger-Scaly-ground-roller-fotografiert-in-Mantadia-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-2-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Geobiastes-squamiger-Scaly-ground-roller-fotografiert-in-Mantadia-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-2.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-17-15579'>\n\t\t\t\tSchuppen-Erdracke mit einem Frosch als Beute im Regenwald\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Attelornis-pittoides-Pitta-like-ground-roller-in-Mantadia-Madagaskar-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-17-15578\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Attelornis-pittoides-Pitta-like-ground-roller-in-Mantadia-Madagaskar-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Attelornis-pittoides-Pitta-like-ground-roller-in-Mantadia-Madagaskar-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Attelornis-pittoides-Pitta-like-ground-roller-in-Mantadia-Madagaskar-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Attelornis-pittoides-Pitta-like-ground-roller-in-Mantadia-Madagaskar-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-1157x771.jpg 1157w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Attelornis-pittoides-Pitta-like-ground-roller-in-Mantadia-Madagaskar-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-420x280.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Attelornis-pittoides-Pitta-like-ground-roller-in-Mantadia-Madagaskar-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-81x54.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Attelornis-pittoides-Pitta-like-ground-roller-in-Mantadia-Madagaskar-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Attelornis-pittoides-Pitta-like-ground-roller-in-Mantadia-Madagaskar-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-17-15578'>\n\t\t\t\tBlaukopf-Erdracke in Mantadia im zentralen Osten Madagaskars\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Brachypteracias-leptosomus-Short-legged-ground-roller-fotografiert-in-Mantadia-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-17-15580\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Brachypteracias-leptosomus-Short-legged-ground-roller-fotografiert-in-Mantadia-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Brachypteracias-leptosomus-Short-legged-ground-roller-fotografiert-in-Mantadia-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Brachypteracias-leptosomus-Short-legged-ground-roller-fotografiert-in-Mantadia-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Brachypteracias-leptosomus-Short-legged-ground-roller-fotografiert-in-Mantadia-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-1157x771.jpg 1157w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Brachypteracias-leptosomus-Short-legged-ground-roller-fotografiert-in-Mantadia-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-420x280.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Brachypteracias-leptosomus-Short-legged-ground-roller-fotografiert-in-Mantadia-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-81x54.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Brachypteracias-leptosomus-Short-legged-ground-roller-fotografiert-in-Mantadia-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Brachypteracias-leptosomus-Short-legged-ground-roller-fotografiert-in-Mantadia-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-17-15580'>\n\t\t\t\tBindenerdracke, ebenfalls in Mantadia fotografiert\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Couas\"><\/span>Couas<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les Couas sont end\u00e9miques \u00e0 Madagascar et constituent un sujet de photo tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9 des ornithologues amateurs. Consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme omnivores, les cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons devraient donc figurer au menu de nombreuses esp\u00e8ces. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, on sait toutefois que seules deux des neuf esp\u00e8ces existantes \u00e0 ce jour se nourrissent de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;une part du Coua hupp\u00e9 (<em>Coua cristata<\/em>), qui vit dans l&rsquo;ouest aride de Madagascar. On a d\u00e9j\u00e0 observ\u00e9 ce magnifique oiseau transportant des cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons dans son bec.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-182\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"178\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-182\">178<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"178\">Goodman, S.M., Pidgeon, M., Hawkins, A.F.A., Schulenberg, T.S. (1997): The birds of southeastern Madagascar. Fieldiana Zoology 87: 1-132. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/item\/164285#page\/65\/mode\/1up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span>\u00a0Une autre fois, un Coua hupp\u00e9 a d\u00e9vor\u00e9 une femelle <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em> \u00e0 Ankarafantsika.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-183\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"179\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-183\">179<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"179\"> Metcalf, J., Bayly, N., Bisoa, M., Rabearivony, J., Stewart-Jones, A. (2005): <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em>, <em>Furcifer rhinoceratus<\/em>. Predation. Herpetological Review 36(4): 447-448.<\/span> On a ainsi pu observer l&rsquo;oiseau picorer litt\u00e9ralement le cam\u00e9l\u00e9on sur la branche, avant de le ramasser par terre pour le manger.<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-18' class='gallery galleryid-9434 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-large'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Coua-cristata-crested-Coua-in-Ankarafantsika-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-Madagaskar-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-18-15583\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Coua-cristata-crested-Coua-in-Ankarafantsika-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-Madagaskar-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Coua-cristata-crested-Coua-in-Ankarafantsika-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-Madagaskar-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Coua-cristata-crested-Coua-in-Ankarafantsika-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-Madagaskar-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Coua-cristata-crested-Coua-in-Ankarafantsika-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-Madagaskar-1157x771.jpg 1157w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Coua-cristata-crested-Coua-in-Ankarafantsika-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-Madagaskar-420x280.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Coua-cristata-crested-Coua-in-Ankarafantsika-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-Madagaskar-81x54.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Coua-cristata-crested-Coua-in-Ankarafantsika-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-Madagaskar-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Coua-cristata-crested-Coua-in-Ankarafantsika-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-Madagaskar.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-18-15583'>\n\t\t\t\tCoua cristata in Ankarafantsika\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Coua-caerulea-blue-Coua-fotografiert-in-Analamazaotra-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-18-15582\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Coua-caerulea-blue-Coua-fotografiert-in-Analamazaotra-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Coua-caerulea-blue-Coua-fotografiert-in-Analamazaotra-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Coua-caerulea-blue-Coua-fotografiert-in-Analamazaotra-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Coua-caerulea-blue-Coua-fotografiert-in-Analamazaotra-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-1157x771.jpg 1157w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Coua-caerulea-blue-Coua-fotografiert-in-Analamazaotra-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-420x280.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Coua-caerulea-blue-Coua-fotografiert-in-Analamazaotra-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-81x54.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Coua-caerulea-blue-Coua-fotografiert-in-Analamazaotra-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Coua-caerulea-blue-Coua-fotografiert-in-Analamazaotra-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-18-15582'>\n\t\t\t\tCoua caerulea in Analamazaotra\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le deuxi\u00e8me Coua \u00e0 se nourrir de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons est le Coua bleu (<em>Coua caerulea<\/em>). Un individu de cette esp\u00e8ce a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9 dans la for\u00eat tropicale d&rsquo;Andohahela, au sud-est de Madagascar, tenant dans son bec une petite esp\u00e8ce de <em>Calumma<\/em> qu&rsquo;il donnait \u00e0 manger \u00e0 son partenaire.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-184\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"180\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-184\">180<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"180\">Goodman, S.M., Pidgeon, M., Hawkins, A.F.A., Schulenberg, T.S. (1997): The birds of southeastern Madagascar. Fieldiana Zoology 87: 1-132. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/item\/164285#page\/65\/mode\/1up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span> Un rapport plus ancien confirme \u00e9galement que les Couas bleus de soie capturent parfois de petits cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-185\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"181\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-185\">181<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"181\">Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/bulletin-american-museum-natural-history-72-143-499\/page\/378\/mode\/2up?q=falco+zoniventris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Autres_oiseaux\"><\/span>Autres oiseaux<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le Courol vouroudriou (<em>Leptosomus discolor<\/em>), oiseau ressemblant \u00e0 un geai, semblerait \u00e0 premi\u00e8re vue pr\u00e9destin\u00e9, \u00e0 l\u2019instar des geais terrestres, \u00e0 se nourrir de temps \u00e0 autre de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons terrestres. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le Courol vouroudriou vole bien plus haut que les Brachypt\u00e9rolles de Madagascar et chasse principalement dans la cime des arbres. Une seule \u00e9tude, men\u00e9e il y a de nombreuses ann\u00e9es, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 la pr\u00e9sence de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons de taille moyenne chez plus de 20 % des oiseaux examin\u00e9s.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-186\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"182\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-186\">182<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"182\">Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/bulletin-american-museum-natural-history-72-143-499\/page\/378\/mode\/2up?q=falco+zoniventris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span> Depuis lors, on consid\u00e8re que les cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons font partie du r\u00e9gime alimentaire du Courol vouroudriou \u00e0 Madagascar, m\u00eame si aucune autre observation n&rsquo;a \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9e depuis.<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-19' class='gallery galleryid-9434 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-large'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"692\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Leptosomus-discolor-von-inaturalist-keine-Rechte-vorbehalten-1024x692.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-19-15585\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Leptosomus-discolor-von-inaturalist-keine-Rechte-vorbehalten-1024x692.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Leptosomus-discolor-von-inaturalist-keine-Rechte-vorbehalten-300x203.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Leptosomus-discolor-von-inaturalist-keine-Rechte-vorbehalten-768x519.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Leptosomus-discolor-von-inaturalist-keine-Rechte-vorbehalten-1536x1038.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Leptosomus-discolor-von-inaturalist-keine-Rechte-vorbehalten-1141x771.jpg 1141w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Leptosomus-discolor-von-inaturalist-keine-Rechte-vorbehalten-420x284.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Leptosomus-discolor-von-inaturalist-keine-Rechte-vorbehalten-81x55.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Leptosomus-discolor-von-inaturalist-keine-Rechte-vorbehalten-200x135.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Leptosomus-discolor-von-inaturalist-keine-Rechte-vorbehalten.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-19-15585'>\n\t\t\t\tLeptosomus discolor\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Corythornis-madagascariensis-pygmy-kingfisher-fotografiert-in-Analamazaotra-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-19-15586\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Corythornis-madagascariensis-pygmy-kingfisher-fotografiert-in-Analamazaotra-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Corythornis-madagascariensis-pygmy-kingfisher-fotografiert-in-Analamazaotra-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Corythornis-madagascariensis-pygmy-kingfisher-fotografiert-in-Analamazaotra-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Corythornis-madagascariensis-pygmy-kingfisher-fotografiert-in-Analamazaotra-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-1157x771.jpg 1157w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Corythornis-madagascariensis-pygmy-kingfisher-fotografiert-in-Analamazaotra-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-420x280.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Corythornis-madagascariensis-pygmy-kingfisher-fotografiert-in-Analamazaotra-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-81x54.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Corythornis-madagascariensis-pygmy-kingfisher-fotografiert-in-Analamazaotra-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Corythornis-madagascariensis-pygmy-kingfisher-fotografiert-in-Analamazaotra-Madagaskar-von-Thorsten-Negro.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-19-15586'>\n\t\t\t\tCorythornis madagascariensis in Analamazaotra\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Dryolimnas-cuvieri-in-Andasibe-Madagaskar-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-19-15587\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Dryolimnas-cuvieri-in-Andasibe-Madagaskar-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Dryolimnas-cuvieri-in-Andasibe-Madagaskar-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Dryolimnas-cuvieri-in-Andasibe-Madagaskar-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Dryolimnas-cuvieri-in-Andasibe-Madagaskar-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-1157x771.jpg 1157w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Dryolimnas-cuvieri-in-Andasibe-Madagaskar-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-420x280.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Dryolimnas-cuvieri-in-Andasibe-Madagaskar-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-81x54.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Dryolimnas-cuvieri-in-Andasibe-Madagaskar-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Dryolimnas-cuvieri-in-Andasibe-Madagaskar-fotografiert-von-Thorsten-Negro.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-19-15587'>\n\t\t\t\tDryolimnas cuvieri in Andasibe\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00c0 premi\u00e8re vue, le Martin-p\u00eacheur Malgache (<em>Corythornis madagascariensis<\/em>) semble \u00eatre un pr\u00e9dateur de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons plut\u00f4t inhabituel. Ce minuscule martin-p\u00eacheur aux couleurs vives a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9 une fois \u00e0 Andohahela, dans le sud-est de Madagascar, en train de capturer un cam\u00e9l\u00e9on du genre <em>Calumma<\/em>, qui mesurait exactement la m\u00eame longueur que sa propre t\u00eate et son bec. Le cam\u00e9l\u00e9on a \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9 \u00e0 coups de bec contre une branche, puis \u00e9touff\u00e9.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-187\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"183\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-187\">183<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"183\">Goodman, S.M., Pidgeon, M., Hawkins, A.F.A., Schulenberg, T.S. (1997): The birds of southeastern Madagascar. Fieldiana Zoology 87: 1-132. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/item\/164285#page\/65\/mode\/1up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span>\n<p>Il n&rsquo;existe \u00e9galement qu&rsquo;un seul cas document\u00e9 de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons comme proies chez un autre oiseau li\u00e9 aux milieux aquatiques, la R\u00e2le de Cuvier (<em>Dryolimnas cuvieri<\/em>). Cette esp\u00e8ce d&rsquo;oiseau vit dans la for\u00eat tropicale, les mangroves et les zones mar\u00e9cageuses, ainsi que dans les rizi\u00e8res. Ils pataugent souvent dans l&rsquo;eau et fouillent la berge avec leur bec, ce qui ne correspond pas vraiment au profil des proies habituelles des cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons. On a n\u00e9anmoins observ\u00e9, dans une for\u00eat tropicale pr\u00e8s d&rsquo;Anjozorobe, sur les hauts plateaux du nord de Madagascar, un parent\u00a0avec ses oisillons transportant dans son bec un <em>Calumma gastrotaenia<\/em> adulte\u00a0 \u2013 une esp\u00e8ce tr\u00e8s r\u00e9pandue dans la r\u00e9gion.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-188\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"184\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-188\">184<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"184\">Jenkins, R.K.B. (2001): Observations on the white-thorated rail <em>Dryolimnas cuvieri<\/em> in Madagascar. Scopus 21: 65-67. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/item\/164285#page\/65\/mode\/1up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Serpents\"><\/span>Serpents<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Colubrides\"><\/span>Colubrid\u00e9s<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La plupart des serpents de Madagascar qui se nourrissent de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons sont des colubrid\u00e9s. Presque tous poss\u00e8dent des crocs venimeux situ\u00e9s tout au fond de la m\u00e2choire sup\u00e9rieure, \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s sous les yeux. On parle alors de crocs opistoglyphes. L&rsquo;effet du venin n&rsquo;est pas grave pour l&rsquo;homme et, chez la plupart des serpents de Madagascar, il s&rsquo;apparente plut\u00f4t \u00e0 celui d&rsquo;une piq\u00fbre d&rsquo;insecte, avec des gonflements et une douleur pouvant durer plusieurs heures. Seules quelques esp\u00e8ces, parmi les plus grandes, provoquent, lorsqu&rsquo;elles mordent un \u00eatre humain, des gonflements et des douleurs qui persistent pendant plusieurs jours. N\u00e9anmoins, le venin de la quasi-totalit\u00e9 des colubrid\u00e9s de Madagascar suffit \u00e0 tuer de petites proies telles que les cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons, ou du moins \u00e0 les immobiliser.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ithycyphus\"><\/span><em>Ithycyphus<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<div id=\"attachment_9458\" style=\"width: 210px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9458\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-9458\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fressfeinde-Ithycyphus-perineti-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fressfeinde-Ithycyphus-perineti-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fressfeinde-Ithycyphus-perineti-514x771.jpg 514w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fressfeinde-Ithycyphus-perineti-420x630.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fressfeinde-Ithycyphus-perineti-81x121.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fressfeinde-Ithycyphus-perineti.jpg 667w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-9458\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Ithycyphus perineti<\/em> sur la c\u00f4te est de Madagascar<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le genre <em>Ithycyphus<\/em> (un nom qui ne semble impronon\u00e7able qu\u2019\u00e0 premi\u00e8re vue) est end\u00e9mique de Madagascar et ne compte que cinq esp\u00e8ces. Trois d\u2019entre elles se sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 fait remarquer comme \u00e9tant des pr\u00e9datrices de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons, et on soup\u00e7onne les deux autres de l\u2019\u00eatre \u00e9galement. Toutes sont diurnes et chassent les cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons directement dans les arbres et au sol.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dans le sud-ouest de Madagascar, un <em>Ithycyphus oursi<\/em> a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9 en train de capturer une femelle <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em>.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-189\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"185\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-189\">185<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"185\">Crottini, A., Harris, D.J., Irisarri, I.A., Lima, A., Rasamison, S., Rosa, G.M. (2010): Confirming Domergue: <em>Ithycyphus oursi<\/em> Domergue, 1986 predation upon <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em> (Mocquard, 1894). Herpetology Notes 3: 127-131. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/document\/show\/161129\">Download<\/a><\/span>\u00a0La proie s&rsquo;est retrouv\u00e9e paralys\u00e9e en l&rsquo;espace de quelques minutes apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 mordu par le serpent. Il a certes fallu plus d&rsquo;une heure par la suite, mais le serpent a bel et bien r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 avaler le grand cam\u00e9l\u00e9on en entier. Un autre <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em> avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert en 1986 dans l&rsquo;estomac d&rsquo;un serpent de la m\u00eame esp\u00e8ce. <sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-190\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"186\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-190\">186<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"186\">Domergue, C.A. (1986): Notes sur les serpents de la r\u00e9gion malgache VI. Le genre <em>Ithycyphus<\/em> G\u00fcnther 1973; description de deux esp\u00e8ces Nouvelles. Bulletin du mus\u00e9um national d\u2019histoire naturelle Paris Ser. 4, Sec. A. 8: 409- 434. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/document\/show\/246218\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tout aussi petit, mais tout \u00e0 fait capable de ma\u00eetriser de petits cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons, l&rsquo;<em>Ithycyphus miniatus<\/em> est une esp\u00e8ce de serpent principalement pr\u00e9sente dans le nord-ouest de Madagascar. Des observations r\u00e9alis\u00e9es \u00e0 Nosy Komba confirment qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;un pr\u00e9dateur potentiel des cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-192\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"187\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-192\">187<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"187\">Ava-Leigh. (2017): <em>Ithycyphus miniatus<\/em> feeding on a chameleon. Available on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.istockphoto.com\/de\/foto\/kleine-nacht-schlange-essen-ein-cham%C3%A4leon-nosy-komba-madagaskar-gm885409058-246015731%5b\/mfn\">https:\/\/www.istockphoto.com\/de\/foto\/kleine-nacht-schlange-essen-ein-cham%C3%A4leon-nosy-komba-madagaskar-gm885409058-246015731[\/mfn<\/a>] Mais des observations issues de la pratique de la terrariophilie en Allemagne sugg\u00e8rent \u00e9galement que les cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons constituent une proie de pr\u00e9dilection pour ce serpent.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-191\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"187\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-191\">187<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"187\"><\/span>Glaw, F., Vences, M. (2007): Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar. 3<sup>rd<\/sup> edition. Vences &amp; Glaw Verlag, Cologne, Germany. 498 pp. <\/span>\n<p>L&rsquo;esp\u00e8ce <em>Ithycyphus perineti<\/em>, pr\u00e9sente sur la c\u00f4te est, a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e en train de se nourrir de <em>Calumma brevicorne<\/em>.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-193\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"188\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-193\">188<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"188\">Glaw, F., Vences, M. (2007): Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar. 3<sup>rd<\/sup> edition. Vences &amp; Glaw Verlag, Cologne, Germany. 498 pp. <\/span>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Serpents_aux_yeux_de_chat_Madagascarophis\"><\/span>Serpents aux yeux de chat<em> (Madagascarophis)<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<div id=\"attachment_15740\" style=\"width: 210px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15740\" class=\"wp-image-15740 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Figure-1.jpeg-200x300.jpeg?_t=1782117977\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Figure-1.jpeg-200x300.jpeg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Figure-1.jpeg-683x1024.jpeg 683w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Figure-1.jpeg-768x1152.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Figure-1.jpeg-1024x1536.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Figure-1.jpeg-1365x2048.jpeg 1365w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Figure-1.jpeg-514x771.jpeg 514w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Figure-1.jpeg-420x630.jpeg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Figure-1.jpeg-81x122.jpeg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Figure-1.jpeg-scaled.jpeg 1707w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-15740\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eine <em>Madagascarophis colubrinus<\/em> d\u00e9vorant un cam\u00e9l\u00e9on panth\u00e8re mort \u00e0 Akanin&rsquo;ny Nofy<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le serpent <em>Madagascarophis meridionalis<\/em>, originaire du sud-ouest de Madagascar et actif au cr\u00e9puscule ou la nuit, a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises en train de se nourrir de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons. Il semble avoir un \u00e9ventail de proies tr\u00e8s large, comprenant aussi bien des reptiles que des amphibiens. \u00a0Pr\u00e8s de Toliara, un serpent de cette esp\u00e8ce a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9 en train d&rsquo;avaler un <em>Furcifer verrucosus<\/em>.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-194\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"189\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-194\">189<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"189\"> Andriamandimbiarisoa, L.N. (2007): Contribution \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e8tude de l\u2019histoire de trois esp\u00e8ces de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons de la region de Toliary, <em>Furcifer verrucosus<\/em> (Grandidier, 1872) et <em>Furcifer antimena<\/em> (Grandidier, 1872): biologie, \u00e9cologie et \u00e9thologie de la reproduction. M\u00e9moire DEA, unpublished. D\u00e9partement de Biologie Animale, University of Antananarivo, Madagascar. 73 pages. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/document\/show\/230839\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En ce qui concerne l&rsquo;esp\u00e8ce s\u0153ur <em>Madagascarophis colubrinus<\/em>, r\u00e9pandue dans tout Madagascar, on a certes affirm\u00e9 \u00e0 maintes reprises pendant des d\u00e9cennies qu&rsquo;elle se nourrissait de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons ; toutefois, il n&rsquo;existe qu&rsquo;un seul cas av\u00e9r\u00e9, signal\u00e9 \u00e0 Nosy Be, concernant la consommation d&rsquo;une femelle <em>Furcifer pardalis<\/em>.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-195\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"190\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-195\">190<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"190\">Glaw, F., Vences, M. (1996): Seltene Schlangen aus Madagaskar. TI Magazin 132: 41-45. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/de\/document\/view\/9397256\/seltene-schlangen-aus-madagaskar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span>\u00a0En 2026, nous avons publi\u00e9 une observation effectu\u00e9e \u00e0 Akanin\u2019ny Nofy, au cours de laquelle un <em>Madagascarophis colubrinus<\/em> d\u00e9vorait la carcasse d\u2019un cam\u00e9l\u00e9on panth\u00e8re.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-196\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"191\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-196\">191<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"191\">Negro, A., Radimbiniaina, H.Z. (2026): Rotten ready-to-eat: observation of a Malagasy Cat-eyed Snake, <em>Madagascarophis colubrinus<\/em> (Schlegel, 1837), feeding on the carcass of a Panther Chameleon, <em>Furcifer pardalis<\/em> (Cuvier, 1829). Herpetology Notes 19: 399-401. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/publikationen\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span>\u00a0On ignorait jusqu&rsquo;alors que ces serpents se nourrissaient parfois de charognes. <em>Madagascarophis colubrinus<\/em> poss\u00e8de une neurotoxine faible, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire un venin qui paralyse les nerfs.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-197\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"192\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-197\">192<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"192\">Kryukova, E.V., Ivanov, D.A., Kopylova, N.V., Starkov, V.G., Andreeva, T.V., Ivanov, I.A., Tsetlin, V.I., Utkin, Yu. N. (2023): A new peptide from the venom of the Madagascar cat-eyed snake <em>Madagascarophis colubrinus<\/em> blocks nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry 49(3): 529-537. <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1134\/S1068162023030159\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Serpents_crayon_Mimophis\"><\/span>Serpents crayon (<em>Mimophis<\/em>)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le genre <em>Mimophis<\/em> ne comprend actuellement que deux esp\u00e8ces, dont l&rsquo;une est originaire du nord et du nord-ouest de Madagascar et l&rsquo;autre, pour simplifier, occupe le reste de l&rsquo;\u00eele. Ces deux esp\u00e8ces sont diurnes et vivent principalement au sol. Elles poss\u00e8dent un venin faiblement cytotoxique.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-198\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"193\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-198\">193<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"193\">Rosa, G.M., Boistel, R., Campantico, E., Gillet, B., Berg\u00f2, P.E., Andreone, F. (2014): Case solved: presence of toxin-secreting oral glands in the lamprophiid snake <em>Mimophis mahfalensis<\/em> (Grandidier, 1867) from Madagascar. Zoomorphology 133: 417-423. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/document\/show\/286447\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span> Leur r\u00e9gime alimentaire comprend de nombreux reptiles et amphibiens, mais aussi de petits mammif\u00e8res ; en bref : ces serpents ne d\u00e9daignent pratiquement aucune proie.<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-20' class='gallery galleryid-9434 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-large'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Mimophis-mahfalensis-2-Isalo-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-20-15745\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Mimophis-mahfalensis-2-Isalo-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Mimophis-mahfalensis-2-Isalo-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Mimophis-mahfalensis-2-Isalo-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Mimophis-mahfalensis-2-Isalo-1157x771.jpg 1157w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Mimophis-mahfalensis-2-Isalo-420x280.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Mimophis-mahfalensis-2-Isalo-81x54.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Mimophis-mahfalensis-2-Isalo-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Mimophis-mahfalensis-2-Isalo.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-20-15745'>\n\t\t\t\tMimophis mahfalensis in Isalo\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Mimophis-mahfalensis-4-Ankarafantsika-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-20-15746\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Mimophis-mahfalensis-4-Ankarafantsika-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Mimophis-mahfalensis-4-Ankarafantsika-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Mimophis-mahfalensis-4-Ankarafantsika-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Mimophis-mahfalensis-4-Ankarafantsika-1157x771.jpg 1157w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Mimophis-mahfalensis-4-Ankarafantsika-420x280.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Mimophis-mahfalensis-4-Ankarafantsika-81x54.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Mimophis-mahfalensis-4-Ankarafantsika-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Mimophis-mahfalensis-4-Ankarafantsika.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-20-15746'>\n\t\t\t\tMimophis occultus in Ankarafantsika\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>On sait que <em>Mimophis occultus<\/em> s&rsquo;attaque parfois aux cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons. L&rsquo;estomac du sp\u00e9cimen type, sur la base duquel l&rsquo;esp\u00e8ce a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9crite pour la premi\u00e8re fois, contenait un <em>Brookesia stumpffi<\/em>.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-199\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"194\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-199\">194<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"194\"> Ruane, S., Myers, E.A., Lo, K., Yuen, S., Welt, R.S., Juman, M., Futterman, I., Nussbaum, R.A., Schneider, G., Burbrink, F.T., Raxworthy, C.J. (2017): Unrecognized species diversity and new insights into colour pattern polymorphism within the widespread Malagasy snake <em>Mimophis<\/em> (Serpentes: Lamprohiidae). Systematics and Biodiversity 16(3): 1-16. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/document\/show\/286871\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span>\u00a0\u00c0 Ankarafantsika, un autre animal de cette esp\u00e8ce a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9 d\u00e9vorant un <em>Furcifer rhinoceratus<\/em>.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-200\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"195\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-200\">195<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"195\"> Metcalf, J., Bayly, N., Bisoa, M., Rabearivony, J., Stewart-Jones, A. (2005): <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em>, <em>Furcifer rhinoceratus<\/em>. Predation. Herpetological Review 36(4): 447-448.<\/span> Une de nos propres observations concernant cette esp\u00e8ce est actuellement en cours de publication.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_15747\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15747\" class=\"wp-image-15747 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Mimophis-mahfalensis-9-Ambositra-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Mimophis-mahfalensis-9-Ambositra-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Mimophis-mahfalensis-9-Ambositra-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Mimophis-mahfalensis-9-Ambositra-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Mimophis-mahfalensis-9-Ambositra-1157x771.jpg 1157w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Mimophis-mahfalensis-9-Ambositra-420x280.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Mimophis-mahfalensis-9-Ambositra-81x54.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Mimophis-mahfalensis-9-Ambositra-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Mimophis-mahfalensis-9-Ambositra.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-15747\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tr\u00e4chtiges Weibchen von <em>Mimophis mahfalensis<\/em> in Ambositra<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En revanche, l&rsquo;esp\u00e8ce apparent\u00e9e <em>Mimophis mahfalensis<\/em>, beaucoup plus r\u00e9pandue, a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e se nourrir de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons. Une journaliste du New York Times a m\u00eame trouv\u00e9 une attaque de cette esp\u00e8ce contre un <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em> dans la for\u00eat tropicale d&rsquo;Andasibe, sur les hauts plateaux orientaux de Madagascar, si passionnante qu&rsquo;elle l&rsquo;a relat\u00e9e dans le journal.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-202\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"196\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-202\">196<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"196\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-2285525\/Snake-vs-chameleon-Moment-savage-serpent-strikes-defenceless-animal-toxic-paralysing-poison-eats-lunch.html%5b\/mfn\">https:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-2285525\/Snake-vs-chameleon-Moment-savage-serpent-strikes-defenceless-animal-toxic-paralysing-poison-eats-lunch.html[\/mfn<\/a>]\u00a0Pr\u00e8s du massif de l&rsquo;Andringitra, au sud-est de Madagascar, des scientifiques ont captur\u00e9 un <em>Mimophis mahfalensis<\/em> dont ils ont d\u00e9couvert, dans l&rsquo;estomac, un <em>Furcifer willsii<\/em> r\u00e9cemment ing\u00e9r\u00e9.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-201\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"196\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-201\">196<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"196\"><\/span> Lob\u00f3n-Rovira, J., Belluardo, F., Rasoazanany, M., Rosa, G.M., Crottini, A. (2020): Canopy chameleon (<em>Furcifer willsii<\/em>) consumption by common big-eyed snake (<em>Mimophis mahfalensis<\/em>) in Fivahona Forest, eastern Madagascar. Malagasy Nature 14: 81-83. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/348382337_Canopy_chameleon_Furcifer_willsii_consumption_by_common_big-eyed_snake_Mimophis_mahfalensis_in_Fivahona_Forest_eastern_Madagascar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span>\u00a0Dans le sud-ouest de Madagascar, dans les gorges du massif d&rsquo;Isalo, un <em>Mimophis mahfalensis<\/em> a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9 d\u00e9vorant un <em>Furcifer major<\/em> m\u00e2le.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-203\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"197\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-203\">197<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"197\"> Rosa, G.M., Castelo Branco, J., Couto, H., Berg\u00f2, P.E., Andreone, F. (2016): <em>Mimophis mahfalensis<\/em> (common big-eyed snake) predation on <em>Furcifer major<\/em> (giant carpet chameleon) in Isalo, Madagascar. The Herpetological Bulletin 138: 40-41. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebhs.org\/publications\/the-herpetological-bulletin\/issue-number-138-winter-2016\/970-14-i-mimophis-mahfalensis-i-common-big-eyed-snake-predation-on-i-furcifer-major-i-giant-carpet-chameleon-in-isalo-madagascar\/file\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span>\u00a0\u00c0 Kirindy, dans l&rsquo;ouest de Madagascar, un serpent crayon a d\u00e9vor\u00e9 un <em>Furcifer labordi<\/em>.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-204\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"198\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-204\">198<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"198\">Andriamandimbiarisoa, L.N. (2007): Contribution \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e8tude de l\u2019histoire de trois esp\u00e8ces de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons de la region de Toliary, <em>Furcifer verrucosus<\/em> (Grandidier, 1872) et <em>Furcifer antimena<\/em> (Grandidier, 1872): biologie, \u00e9cologie et \u00e9thologie de la reproduction. M\u00e9moire DEA, unpublished. D\u00e9partement de Biologie Animale, University of Antananarivo, Madagascar. 73 pages. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/document\/show\/230839\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Serpents_a_grosse_tete_Compsophis\"><\/span>Serpents \u00e0 grosse t\u00eate (<em>Compsophis<\/em>)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Deux <em>Compsophis infralineatus<\/em> ont \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9s dans le centre-est de Madagascar, pr\u00e8s de Mandraka, alors qu&rsquo;ils tentaient d&rsquo;avaler des cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-205\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"199\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-205\">199<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"199\">Edmonds, D.A., Sam-Edmonds, S.S. (2024): Predation on the chameleons <em>Calumma crypticum<\/em> Raxworthy and Nussbaum, 2006 and <em>C. gastrotaenia<\/em> (Boulenger, 1888) by the snake <em>Compsophis infralineatus<\/em> (G\u00fcnther, 1882) near Mandraka, Madagascar. Herpetology Notes 17: 327-328. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https:\/\/www.biotaxa.org\/hn\/article\/view\/85200\/80490&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjopczhvZqVAxXhRfEDHQlwDVMQFnoECBcQAQ&amp;usg=AOvVaw2mC52hNl2WywOx2o069I16\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span>\u00a0Un <em>Calumma gastrotaenia<\/em> adulte et un <em>Calumma crypticum<\/em> tout aussi adulte ont ainsi \u00e9t\u00e9 la proie de ces serpents. Dans l&rsquo;ensemble, on ne sait pas grand-chose sur le <em>Compsophis infalineatus<\/em>, mais on a longtemps pens\u00e9 qu&rsquo;il se nourrissait principalement de grenouilles et d&rsquo;\u0153ufs de grenouilles.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_15749\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15749\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-15749\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Compsophis-laphystius-in-Marojejy-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Compsophis-laphystius-in-Marojejy-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Compsophis-laphystius-in-Marojejy-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Compsophis-laphystius-in-Marojejy-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Compsophis-laphystius-in-Marojejy-1157x771.jpg 1157w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Compsophis-laphystius-in-Marojejy-420x280.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Compsophis-laphystius-in-Marojejy-81x54.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Compsophis-laphystius-in-Marojejy-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Compsophis-laphystius-in-Marojejy.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-15749\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Compsophis laphystius<\/em> dans la for\u00eat tropicale de Marojejy<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Une autre esp\u00e8ce, non d\u00e9crite \u00e0 ce jour,<em> Compsophis sp. aff. laphystius<\/em>, provenant de la for\u00eat tropicale de la Montagne d\u2019Ambre, au nord de Madagascar, a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couverte dans l\u2019estomac d\u2019un <em>Calumma amber<\/em> adulte lors d\u2019une \u00e9tude.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-206\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"200\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-206\">200<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"200\">Edmonds, D.A., Sam-Edmonds, S.S. (2024): Predation on the chameleons <em>Calumma crypticum<\/em> Raxworthy and Nussbaum, 2006 and <em>C. gastrotaenia<\/em> (Boulenger, 1888) by the snake <em>Compsophis infralineatus<\/em> (G\u00fcnther, 1882) near Mandraka, Madagascar. Herpetology Notes 17: 327-328. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/384147944_Predation_on_the_chameleons_Calumma_crypticum_Raxworthy_and_Nussbaum_2006_and_C_gastrotaenia_Boulenger_1888_by_the_snake_Compsophis_infralineatus_Gunther_1882_near_Mandraka_Madagascar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span>\u00a0Cette observation confirme d&rsquo;une part que cette esp\u00e8ce de <em>Compsophis<\/em> n&rsquo;est pas non plus exclusivement carnivore, et d&rsquo;autre part, elle montre la taille \u00e9tonnante des proies que les serpents peuvent avaler. <em>Compsophis sp. aff. laphystius<\/em> reste relativement petit, avec une longueur totale inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 70 cm, tandis qu\u2019une femelle de <em>Calumma amber<\/em>, en tant que proie, semble relativement grande avec une longueur totale d\u2019environ 35 cm.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le serpent rare <em>Compsophis coulangesi<\/em> vit exclusivement dans les arbres et est pr\u00e9sent dans le nord-est de Madagascar. Le premier sp\u00e9cimen d\u00e9couvert a r\u00e9gurgit\u00e9 un <em>Calumma parsonii<\/em> de taille relativement importante dans la for\u00eat tropicale d&rsquo;Anjanaharibe-Sud.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-207\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"201\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-207\">201<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"201\">Glaw, F., Vences, M. (2007): Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar. 3<sup>rd<\/sup> edition. Vences &amp; Glaw Verlag, Cologne, Germany. 498 pp. <\/span> Sinon, on ne sait pratiquement rien de cette esp\u00e8ce \u00e0 ce jour.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Parastenophis_betsileanus\"><\/span><em>Parastenophis betsileanus<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<div id=\"attachment_15750\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15750\" class=\"wp-image-15750 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Parastenophis-betsileanus-in-Marojejy-1-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Parastenophis-betsileanus-in-Marojejy-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Parastenophis-betsileanus-in-Marojejy-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Parastenophis-betsileanus-in-Marojejy-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Parastenophis-betsileanus-in-Marojejy-1-1157x771.jpg 1157w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Parastenophis-betsileanus-in-Marojejy-1-420x280.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Parastenophis-betsileanus-in-Marojejy-1-81x54.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Parastenophis-betsileanus-in-Marojejy-1-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Parastenophis-betsileanus-in-Marojejy-1.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-15750\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Un <em>Parastenophis betsileanus<\/em> \u00e0 Marojejy<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sur la c\u00f4te nord-est de Madagascar, un serpent de cette esp\u00e8ce a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9 pendant la nuit en train de d\u00e9vorer un <em>Brookesia superciliaris<\/em>.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-208\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"202\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-208\">202<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"202\">Kaloloha, A., Misandeau, C., Gehring, P.-S. (2011): Notes on the diversity and natural history of the snake fauna of Ambodiriana-Manompana, a protected rainforest site in north-eastern Madagascar. Herpetology Notes 4: 397-402. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org\/paper\/Notes-on-the-diversity-and-natural-history-of-the-a-Kaloloha-Misandeau\/4aa01ab61434ae19c2c40800663886c80e8f054a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span>\u00a0Dans les hauts plateaux orientaux, un <em>Furcifer willsii<\/em> a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert dans l&rsquo;estomac d&rsquo;un <em>Parastenophis betsileanus<\/em>.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-209\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"203\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-209\">203<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"203\">Raxworthy, C.J. (1988): Reptiles, Rainforest and Conservation in Madagascar. Biological Conservation 43: 181-211. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/0006320788901139\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span>\u00a0On suppose que le <em>Parastenophis betsileanus<\/em> n&rsquo;est pas exclusivement arboricole, mais qu&rsquo;il chasse \u00e9galement au sol et dans les branches basses. Il est toutefois nocturne et devrait donc surtout croiser des cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons endormis. Une observation alimentaire plut\u00f4t inhabituelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9e \u00e0 Ranomafana, dans les hauts plateaux du sud : un <em>Parastenophis betsileanus<\/em> a \u00e9t\u00e9 trouv\u00e9 de nuit sur une route, sous une pluie battante, alors qu&rsquo;il tentait d&rsquo;engloutir un <em>Furcifer balteatus<\/em> m\u00e2le.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-210\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"204\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-210\">204<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"204\">Glaw, F., Vences, M. (1996): Seltene Schlangen aus Madagaskar. TI Magazin 132: 41-45. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/de\/document\/view\/9397256\/seltene-schlangen-aus-madagaskar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span> Mais le serpent, visiblement d\u00e9rang\u00e9 par les observateurs, a recrach\u00e9 le cam\u00e9l\u00e9on, pourtant relativement grand.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Serpents_des_bois_Pseudoxyrhopus\"><\/span>Serpents des bois <em>(Pseudoxyrhopus)<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Peu de serpents de Madagascar se sont sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s dans la consommation d\u2019\u0153ufs. Parmi eux figure le petit serpent <em>Pseudoxyrhopus ambreensis<\/em>, que l\u2019on ne trouve que dans la for\u00eat tropicale de la Montagne d\u2019Ambre et dans le massif du Tsaratanana, au nord de Madagascar. Nocturne, il a souvent \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9 en train de creuser activement le sol. Trois \u0153ufs de cam\u00e9l\u00e9on, probablement de l&rsquo;esp\u00e8ce <em>Calumma linotum<\/em>, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9s dans l&rsquo;estomac d&rsquo;une femelle.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-211\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"205\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-211\">205<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"205\">Knoll, A., Glaw, F., K\u00f6hler, J. (2009): The Malagasy snake <em>Pseudoxyrhopus ambreensis<\/em> preys upon chameleon eggs by shell slitting. Herpetology Notes 2: 161-162. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/document\/show\/263150\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span> Pendant qu&rsquo;il les mange, le serpent fend les \u0153ufs avec ses dents, ce qui permet au jaune et au blanc de s&rsquo;\u00e9couler et d&rsquo;\u00eatre plus facilement dig\u00e9r\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00c0 Madagascar, il existe plusieurs autres esp\u00e8ces de <em>Pseudoxyrhopus<\/em>, \u00e9galement connues pour se nourrir d&rsquo;\u0153ufs. On ignore toutefois si celles-ci s&rsquo;attaquent \u00e9galement aux \u0153ufs de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Serpent_a_groin_de_Madagascar_Leioheterodon_madagascariensis\"><\/span><strong class=\"rQesXe MPyX\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\" data-complete=\"true\">Serpent \u00e0 groin de Madagascar<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/strong> (<em>Leioheterodon madagascariensis<\/em>)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Enfin, il y a aussi les serpents opportunistes, qui se nourrissent aussi bien de reptiles, d\u2019amphibiens, de petits mammif\u00e8res et d\u2019oiseaux vivants que d\u2019\u0153ufs. Parmi celles-ci figure le serpent \u00e0 groin de Madagascar, <em>Leioheterodon madagascariensis<\/em>. Cette esp\u00e8ce peut atteindre une taille imposante et une grande robustesse, mesurant plus d\u2019un m\u00e8tre et demi. On la trouve partout \u00e0 Madagascar et elle occupe des habitats tr\u00e8s vari\u00e9s, allant de la for\u00eat s\u00e8che \u00e0 la for\u00eat tropicale humide ; elle est donc tr\u00e8s courante sur l&rsquo;\u00eele. La couleuvre \u00e0 nez crochu vit principalement au sol. Nous l&rsquo;avons toutefois d\u00e9j\u00e0 observ\u00e9e en train de grimper activement dans un buisson \u00e0 la recherche de proies.<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-21' class='gallery galleryid-9434 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-large'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fressfeinde-Leioheterodon-madagascariensis-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fressfeinde-Leioheterodon-madagascariensis-2.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fressfeinde-Leioheterodon-madagascariensis-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fressfeinde-Leioheterodon-madagascariensis-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fressfeinde-Leioheterodon-madagascariensis-2-420x280.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fressfeinde-Leioheterodon-madagascariensis-2-81x54.jpg 81w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fressfeinde-Leioheterodon-madagascariensis-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fressfeinde-Leioheterodon-madagascariensis-1.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fressfeinde-Leioheterodon-madagascariensis-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fressfeinde-Leioheterodon-madagascariensis-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fressfeinde-Leioheterodon-madagascariensis-1-420x280.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fressfeinde-Leioheterodon-madagascariensis-1-81x54.jpg 81w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00c0 plusieurs reprises, nous avons observ\u00e9 des animaux de cette esp\u00e8ce creuser activement le sol (voir la photo ci-dessus, prise \u00e0 Ankarafantsika, dans l&rsquo;ouest de Madagascar) afin de d\u00e9nicher des couv\u00e9es fra\u00eeches. Au moins une fois, la taille et la consistance des \u0153ufs laissaient supposer qu\u2019il s\u2019agissait de couv\u00e9es de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons. Mais le plus souvent, le serpent \u00e0 nez crochu s\u2019attaque probablement aux \u0153ufs d\u2019iguanes de Madagascar.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Serpent_a_feuille_Langaha_madagascariensis\"><\/span>Serpent \u00e0 feuille (<em>Langaha madagascariensis<\/em>)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<div id=\"attachment_10944\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10944\" class=\"wp-image-10944 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Langaha-madagascariensis-male-im-Palmarium-2018-300x193.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"193\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Langaha-madagascariensis-male-im-Palmarium-2018-300x193.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Langaha-madagascariensis-male-im-Palmarium-2018-1024x659.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Langaha-madagascariensis-male-im-Palmarium-2018-768x495.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Langaha-madagascariensis-male-im-Palmarium-2018-1197x771.jpg 1197w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Langaha-madagascariensis-male-im-Palmarium-2018-420x270.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Langaha-madagascariensis-male-im-Palmarium-2018-81x52.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Langaha-madagascariensis-male-im-Palmarium-2018-200x129.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Langaha-madagascariensis-male-im-Palmarium-2018.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-10944\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">M\u00e2le de <em>Langaha madagascariensis<\/em> sur la c\u00f4te est de Madagascar<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u00eame les magnifiques serpents \u00e0 feuille ne semblent pas d\u00e9daigner, de temps \u00e0 autre, un cam\u00e9l\u00e9on. Cette esp\u00e8ce est pr\u00e9sente dans les for\u00eats tropicales humides du nord, celles qui bordent la c\u00f4te est, jusqu&rsquo;aux for\u00eats s\u00e8ches du centre-sud-ouest. Elle est principalement diurne et vit exclusivement dans les arbres. Leur camouflage extr\u00eamement efficace rend ces serpents pratiquement invisibles pour leurs proies avant qu&rsquo;ils ne passent \u00e0 l&rsquo;attaque.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dans le sud de Madagascar, un jeune <em>Furcifer verrucosus<\/em> a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert dans l&rsquo;estomac d&rsquo;une couleuvre \u00e0 nez en feuille femelle. <sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-212\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"206\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-212\">206<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"206\">Viol, A.L., Crowell, H.L., Lee, J.L., Schramer, T.D. (2025): Langaha madagascariensis (Malagasy Leaf-nosed Snake). Diet and reproduction. Herpetological Review 55(2): 284. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/389631879_LANGAHA_MADAGASCARIENSIS_Malagasy_Leaf-nosed_Snake_DIET_and_REPRODUCTION\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span> On sait d\u00e9j\u00e0 que d&rsquo;autres reptiles font partie du r\u00e9gime alimentaire du serpent \u00e0 feuille, notamment les iguanes de Madagascar, les geckos et les scinques.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-213\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"207\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-213\">207<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"207\">Tingle, J.L. (2012): Field observations on the behavioral ecology of the Madagascan Leaf-nosed Snake, <em>Langaha madagascariensis<\/em>. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 7(3): 442-448. <a href=\"https:\/\/herpconbio.org\/Volume_7\/Issue_3\/Tingle_2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span> On ignore encore si les cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons sont plus souvent la proie des serpents \u00e0 nez feuillu ou si la d\u00e9couverte mentionn\u00e9e n&rsquo;\u00e9tait qu&rsquo;un cas isol\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cannibalisme\"><\/span>Cannibalisme<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En tant que pr\u00e9dateurs, les cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons s&rsquo;attaquent \u00e0 presque tout ce qui bouge et semble suffisamment petit. Cela vaut malheureusement aussi pour les autres cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons, qui deviennent parfois la proie d&rsquo;autres cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons. Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne est observ\u00e9 chez les cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons du monde entier et il en va malheureusement de m\u00eame \u00e0 Madagascar.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4223\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4223\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4223\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/Furcifer-oustaleti-in-Antsirabe-2017-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Furcifer oustaleti in Antsirabe 2017\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/Furcifer-oustaleti-in-Antsirabe-2017-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/Furcifer-oustaleti-in-Antsirabe-2017-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/Furcifer-oustaleti-in-Antsirabe-2017-420x280.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/Furcifer-oustaleti-in-Antsirabe-2017-81x54.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/Furcifer-oustaleti-in-Antsirabe-2017.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-4223\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Un <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em> m\u00e2le \u00e0 Antsirabe<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Une observation effectu\u00e9e \u00e0 Antananarivo, la capitale de Madagascar, rapporte qu&rsquo;un <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em> adulte a d\u00e9vor\u00e9 un cam\u00e9l\u00e9on nettement plus petit. Il s&rsquo;agit probablement d&rsquo;un cam\u00e9l\u00e9on tapis (<em>Furcifer lateralis<\/em>).<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-214\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"208\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-214\">208<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"208\">Ren\u00e9 de Roland, A., Razarazafy, D., Fabrice, S. (2025): Predation on <em>Furcifer<\/em> sp. by Oustalet\u2019s Chameleon, <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em> (Mocquard, 1894), in the Central Highlands of Madagascar. Herpetology Notes 18: 305-306. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/392315972_Predation_on_Fulcifer_sp_by_Oustalet%27s_Chameleon_Fulcifer_oustaleti_Mocquard_1894_in_the_Central_Highlands_of_Madagascar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span>\u00a0Une autre observation, effectu\u00e9e \u00e0 Ankarafantsika, dans l&rsquo;ouest de Madagascar, d\u00e9crit un <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em> adulte en train de chasser et de d\u00e9vorer un jeune <em>Furcifer rhinoceratus<\/em>.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-215\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"209\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-215\">209<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"209\">Metcalf, J., Bayly, N., Bisoa, M., Rabearivony, J., Stewart-Jones, A. (2005): <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em>, <em>Furcifer rhinoceratus<\/em>. Predation. Herpetological Review 36(4): 447-448.<\/span> Il est certain que <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em> n&rsquo;est pas la seule esp\u00e8ce de cam\u00e9l\u00e9on de Madagascar \u00e0 se nourrir d&rsquo;autres cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons. Cependant, comme cette esp\u00e8ce pr\u00e9sente l&rsquo;aire de r\u00e9partition la plus \u00e9tendue sur l&rsquo;\u00eele, qu&rsquo;elle est la plus abondante et qu&rsquo;elle atteint une taille assez importante, il est tout simplement plus probable de \u00ab surprendre \u00bb par hasard un <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em> en train de se nourrir d&rsquo;autres cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons \u00e0 Madagascar que d&rsquo;observer d&rsquo;autres esp\u00e8ces dans cette situation.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Grenouilles\"><\/span>Grenouilles<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Il est int\u00e9ressant de noter que, m\u00eame pendant la saison des pluies, il arrive parfois que des grenouilles mangent des cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons. Ce sont surtout les jeunes cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons, qui sont petits et peuvent donc \u00eatre aval\u00e9s par les grenouilles, qui finissent parfois dans l&rsquo;estomac de ces derni\u00e8res.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_15762\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15762\" class=\"wp-image-15762 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Ptychadena-mascareniensis-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Ptychadena-mascareniensis-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Ptychadena-mascareniensis-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Ptychadena-mascareniensis-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Ptychadena-mascareniensis-1536x1021.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Ptychadena-mascareniensis-1160x771.jpg 1160w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Ptychadena-mascareniensis-420x279.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Ptychadena-mascareniensis-81x54.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Ptychadena-mascareniensis-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Ptychadena-mascareniensis.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-15762\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Ptychadena mascareniensis<\/em> \u00e0 Ranomafana<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La grenouille des Mascareignes (<em>Ptychadena mascareniensis<\/em>), tr\u00e8s r\u00e9pandue \u00e0 Madagascar, a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e dans le sud-ouest de l&rsquo;\u00eele, au nord de Toliara. L\u00e0-bas, une grenouille captur\u00e9e par des scientifiques a r\u00e9gurgit\u00e9 un jeune <em>Furcifer major<\/em> fra\u00eechement aval\u00e9 et encore vivant.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-216\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"210\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-216\">210<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"210\">D\u2019Cruze, N., Sabel, J.A. (2005): <em>Ptychadena mascariensis<\/em> (Mascarene ridged frog): Predation on an endemic Malagasy chameleon. Herpetological Bulletin 93: 26-27. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebhs.org\/publications\/the-herpetological-bulletin\/issue-number-93-autumn-2005\/2984-hb093-08\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span> Jusqu\u2019alors, les grenouilles des Mascareignes \u00e9taient certes connues pour leur r\u00e9gime alimentaire relativement peu s\u00e9lectif, se nourrissant de presque tout ce qu\u2019elles pouvaient avaler, mais les reptiles ne faisaient pas partie de leur r\u00e9gime alimentaire connu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L&rsquo;analyse du contenu stomacal d&rsquo;un grand nombre de grenouilles, men\u00e9e dans le cadre d&rsquo;une \u00e9tude scientifique, a \u00e9galement permis de mettre au jour un jeune cam\u00e9l\u00e9on dans l&rsquo;estomac d&rsquo;un <em>Mantidactylus femoralis<\/em>.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-217\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"211\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-217\">211<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"211\">Vences, M., Glaw, F., Zapp, C. (1999): Stomach content analyses in Malagasy frogs of the genera <em>Tomoptera<\/em>, <em>Aglyptodactylus<\/em>, <em>Boophis<\/em>, and <em>Mantidactylus<\/em> (Anura: Ranidae). Herpetozoa 11 (3\/4): 109-116. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zobodat.at\/pdf\/HER_11_3_4_0109-0116.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span> On peut supposer que d&rsquo;autres grenouilles s&rsquo;attaquent \u00e9galement aux jeunes cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons d\u00e8s qu&rsquo;elles en ont l&rsquo;occasion \u2013 mais ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne a \u00e9t\u00e9 tr\u00e8s rarement observ\u00e9 \u00e0 Madagascar jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Invertebres\"><\/span>Invert\u00e9br\u00e9s<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_15807\" style=\"width: 210px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15807\" class=\"wp-image-15807 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Nephila-madagascariensis-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Nephila-madagascariensis-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Nephila-madagascariensis-514x771.jpg 514w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Nephila-madagascariensis-420x630.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Nephila-madagascariensis-81x122.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Nephila-madagascariensis.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-15807\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Une araign\u00e9e-soyeuse de Madagascar (<em>Trichonephila inaurata madagascariensis<\/em>) \u00e0 Ankarafantsika<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les tr\u00e8s petits cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons, surtout les juv\u00e9niles, sont parfois la proie d\u2019invert\u00e9br\u00e9s tels que les mantes religieuses et les grosses araign\u00e9es. Il existe des centaines d\u2019esp\u00e8ces de ces deux groupes \u00e0 Madagascar. Cependant, ces deux cas n\u2019ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s qu\u2019une seule fois chacun jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent. Un petit <em>Calumma<\/em> a ainsi \u00e9t\u00e9 captur\u00e9 par une araign\u00e9e-soie de Madagascar, tandis qu&rsquo;un autre a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9vor\u00e9 par une mante religieuse d&rsquo;une esp\u00e8ce malheureusement non identifi\u00e9e.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-218\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"212\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-218\">212<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"212\">Parcher, S.R. (1974): Observations on the Natural Histories of Six Malagasy Chamaeleontidae. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Tierpsychologie 34:500\u2013523. <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1439-0310.1974.tb01818.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lemuriens\"><\/span>L\u00e9muriens<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Le_katta_Lemur_catta_et_le_maki_rouge_Eulemur_rufus\"><\/span>Le katta (<em>Lemur catta<\/em>) et le maki rouge (<em>Eulemur rufus<\/em>)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les l\u00e9muriens mangent rarement des cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons \u2013 probablement uniquement lorsqu\u2019une bonne occasion se pr\u00e9sente. Les deux esp\u00e8ces les plus souvent observ\u00e9es en train de manger des cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons sont le l\u00e9mur catta (<em>Lemur catta<\/em>) et le l\u00e9mur roux (<em>Eulemur rufus<\/em>) dans le sud de Madagascar. Toutes ces observations proviennent de la r\u00e9serve de Berenty, pr\u00e8s d&rsquo;Amboasary Sud. Les l\u00e9muriens catta y vivent \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9tat sauvage, tandis que les l\u00e9muriens roux y ont \u00e9t\u00e9 introduits par l&rsquo;homme et sont originaires de l&rsquo;ouest de Madagascar.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le l\u00e9mur catta est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un omnivore, m\u00eame si sa nourriture se compose principalement de fruits, de feuilles et de bourgeons. Son r\u00e9gime alimentaire comprend toutefois \u00e9galement de l&rsquo;\u00e9corce, des bourgeons, de la r\u00e9sine, de la terre, des insectes, des araign\u00e9es et de petits vert\u00e9br\u00e9s, ce qui constitue sans doute en partie une adaptation \u00e0 la tr\u00e8s longue saison s\u00e8che du sud. Pour survivre dans le sud aride de Madagascar, il ne faut tout simplement pas faire la fine bouche. Les l\u00e9muriens roux se nourrissent \u00e9galement d&rsquo;une tr\u00e8s grande vari\u00e9t\u00e9 d&rsquo;aliments, dont environ la moiti\u00e9 est constitu\u00e9e de fruits.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_15808\" style=\"width: 217px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15808\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-15808\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Katta-Portrait-fotografiert-von-Tanalahorizon-Madagaskarreisen-207x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"207\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Katta-Portrait-fotografiert-von-Tanalahorizon-Madagaskarreisen-207x300.jpg 207w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Katta-Portrait-fotografiert-von-Tanalahorizon-Madagaskarreisen-706x1024.jpg 706w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Katta-Portrait-fotografiert-von-Tanalahorizon-Madagaskarreisen-768x1114.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Katta-Portrait-fotografiert-von-Tanalahorizon-Madagaskarreisen-1059x1536.jpg 1059w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Katta-Portrait-fotografiert-von-Tanalahorizon-Madagaskarreisen-1412x2048.jpg 1412w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Katta-Portrait-fotografiert-von-Tanalahorizon-Madagaskarreisen-532x771.jpg 532w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Katta-Portrait-fotografiert-von-Tanalahorizon-Madagaskarreisen-420x609.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Katta-Portrait-fotografiert-von-Tanalahorizon-Madagaskarreisen-81x117.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Katta-Portrait-fotografiert-von-Tanalahorizon-Madagaskarreisen-200x290.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Katta-Portrait-fotografiert-von-Tanalahorizon-Madagaskarreisen-scaled.jpg 1765w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 207px) 100vw, 207px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-15808\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L\u00e9mur catta, dans le sud de Madagascar<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C&rsquo;est en 1996 qu&rsquo;a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e la premi\u00e8re observation d&rsquo;une femelle de l\u00e9mur catta capturant un<em> Furcifer major<\/em> qui passait \u00e0 proximit\u00e9.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-219\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"213\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-219\">213<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"213\">Oda, R. (1996): Predation on a Chameleon by a Ring-Tailed Lemur (<em>Lemur catta<\/em>) in the Berenty Reserve, Madagascar. Folia Primatologica 67:40\u201343. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/239783040_Predation_on_a_Chameleon_by_a_Ring-Tailed_Lemur_Lemur_catta_in_the_Berenty_Reserve_Madagascar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span> La femelle a grimp\u00e9 dans un tamarinier avec le cam\u00e9l\u00e9on qu&rsquo;elle avait captur\u00e9, y a mordu la t\u00eate de l&rsquo;animal et a ouvert sa cavit\u00e9 c\u0153lomique, laissant ainsi s&rsquo;\u00e9chapper des parties de ses intestins. Elle a finalement l\u00e2ch\u00e9 le cam\u00e9l\u00e9on, et une deuxi\u00e8me femelle l\u00e9murien catta l\u2019a ramass\u00e9 avec curiosit\u00e9, sans toutefois le manger.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, des chercheurs \u00e0 Berenty ont rapport\u00e9 avoir observ\u00e9 plusieurs l\u00e9muriens roux en train de manger une t\u00eate de cam\u00e9l\u00e9on et, \u00e0 trois reprises, des abats.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-220\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"214\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-220\">214<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"214\">Jolly, A., Caless, S., Cavigelli, S., Gould, L., Pereira, M.E., Pitts, A., Pride, R.E., Rabenandrasana, H.D., Walker, J.D., Zafison, T. (2000): Infant killing, wounding and predation in <em>Eulemur <\/em>and <em>Lemur<\/em>. International Journal of Primatology 21:21-40. <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1005467411880\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span> D&rsquo;autres observations de la consommation de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons par ces m\u00eames l\u00e9muriens roux ont eu lieu principalement \u00e0 la fin de la saison des pluies, p\u00e9riode durant laquelle les cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons sont nettement plus nombreux dans le sud qu&rsquo;au cours de la saison s\u00e8che.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-221\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"215\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-221\">215<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"215\">Simmen, B., Hladik, A., Ramasiarisoa, P. (2003): \u00a0Food intake and dietary overlap in native <em>Lemur catta<\/em> and <em>Propithecus verreauxi<\/em> and introduced <em>Eulemur fulvus<\/em> at Berenty, southern Madagascar. International Journal of Primatology 24: 949\u2013968. <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1026366309980\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span>\n<div id=\"attachment_15810\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15810\" class=\"wp-image-15810 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Eulemur-rufus-Tsiribinha-1-300x200.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Eulemur-rufus-Tsiribinha-1-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Eulemur-rufus-Tsiribinha-1-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Eulemur-rufus-Tsiribinha-1-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Eulemur-rufus-Tsiribinha-1-1157x771.png 1157w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Eulemur-rufus-Tsiribinha-1-420x280.png 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Eulemur-rufus-Tsiribinha-1-81x54.png 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Eulemur-rufus-Tsiribinha-1-200x133.png 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Eulemur-rufus-Tsiribinha-1.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-15810\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Une femelle d&rsquo;<em>Eulemur rufus<\/em> au Tsiribinha<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Quatre autres cas de capture de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons ont permis de fournir quelques d\u00e9tails suppl\u00e9mentaires.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-222\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"216\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-222\">216<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"216\">Ichino, S., Rambeloarivony, H. (2011): \u00a0New cases of vertebrate predation by the ring-tailed lemur (<em>Lemur catta<\/em>), with reference to differences from <em>Eulemur<\/em> species and other primates. African Study Monographs 32: 69\u201380. <a href=\"https:\/\/repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp\/bitstreams\/5a08d2b8-db9e-4f29-b907-5bcdbd3a89dd\/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span>\u00a0\u00c0 Berenty, ce sont surtout les femelles de haut rang, en p\u00e9riode d&rsquo;allaitement, qui capturaient des cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons. Elles d\u00e9fendaient leur proie face aux autres femelles, tandis que les m\u00e2les ne s\u2019y int\u00e9ressaient pas. Les cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons \u00e9taient tu\u00e9s par des morsures \u00e0 la t\u00eate. Au moins un <em>Furcifer verrucosus<\/em> a \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9. Mais un cam\u00e9l\u00e9on de plus petite taille, probablement un <em>Furcifer major<\/em>, a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 captur\u00e9. Il est frappant de constater que les l\u00e9muriens catta laissaient souvent tomber au sol une partie de leurs proies inhabituelles, par exemple la queue et les membres post\u00e9rieurs. Cela sugg\u00e8re que les cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons ne constituent ni le repas principal ni une proie particuli\u00e8rement fr\u00e9quente pour les l\u00e9muriens.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hybrides_de_lemuriens\"><\/span>Hybrides de l\u00e9muriens<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dans cette m\u00eame r\u00e9serve, on a observ\u00e9 \u00e0\u00a0plusieurs reprises des hybrides entre des l\u00e9muriens roux et des l\u00e9muriens \u00e0 collier roux mangeant des cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-223\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"217\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-223\">217<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"217\">Jolly, A., Caless, S., Cavigelli, S., Gould, L., Pereira, M.E., Pitts, A., Pride, R.E., Rabenandrasana, H.D., Walker, J.D., Zafison, T. (2000): Infant killing, wounding and predation in <em>Eulemur <\/em>and <em>Lemur<\/em>. International Journal of Primatology 21:21-40. <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1005467411880\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Microcebe_de_Madame_Berthe_Microcebus_berthae\"><\/span>Microc\u00e8be de Madame Berthe (<em>Microcebus berthae<\/em>)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le microc\u00e8be de Madame Berthe vit dans une toute petite for\u00eat s\u00e8che \u00e0 l&rsquo;ouest de Madagascar. Avec un poids corporel de 25 \u00e0 40 grammes \u00e0 peine, cette esp\u00e8ce est le plus petit primate du monde. Et pourtant, on a m\u00eame constat\u00e9, \u00e0 partir de leurs excr\u00e9ments, que ces minuscules cr\u00e9atures mangent parfois des cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons la nuit.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-224\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"218\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-224\">218<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"218\">Dammhahn, M., Kappeler, P.M. (2008): Comparative feeding ecology of sympatric <em>Microcebus berthae<\/em> and <em>M. murinus<\/em>. International Journal of Primatology 29: 1567\u20131589. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/biodiv\/content\/documents\/c576eec5-b997-43e7-b742-c5205d79f01e\/1921a8d509cb476db33275277a5d5107.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Microcebe_mignon_Microcebus_murinus\"><\/span>Microc\u00e8be mignon (<em>Microcebus murinus<\/em>)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<div id=\"attachment_15814\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15814\" class=\"wp-image-15814 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Microcebus-murinus-in-Baumhoehle-Kirindy-2017-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Microcebus-murinus-in-Baumhoehle-Kirindy-2017-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Microcebus-murinus-in-Baumhoehle-Kirindy-2017-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Microcebus-murinus-in-Baumhoehle-Kirindy-2017-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Microcebus-murinus-in-Baumhoehle-Kirindy-2017-1158x771.jpg 1158w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Microcebus-murinus-in-Baumhoehle-Kirindy-2017-420x280.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Microcebus-murinus-in-Baumhoehle-Kirindy-2017-81x54.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Microcebus-murinus-in-Baumhoehle-Kirindy-2017-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Microcebus-murinus-in-Baumhoehle-Kirindy-2017.jpg 1537w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-15814\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Un microc\u00e8be mignon jette un coup d&rsquo;\u0153il depuis sa tani\u00e8re \u00e0 Kirindy<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le microc\u00e8be mignon est pr\u00e9sent dans de nombreuses r\u00e9gions le long de la c\u00f4te ouest de Madagascar. C&rsquo;est un animal nocturne qui se nourrit de fruits, de fleurs, de s\u00e9cr\u00e9tions d&rsquo;insectes, de r\u00e9sine et d&rsquo;arthropodes. Il lui arrive toutefois de manger des geckos ou des cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-225\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"219\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-225\">219<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"219\">Dammhahn, M., Kappeler, P.M. (2008): Comparative feeding ecology of sympatric <em>Microcebus berthae<\/em> and <em>M. murinus<\/em>. International Journal of Primatology 29: 1567\u20131589. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/biodiv\/content\/documents\/c576eec5-b997-43e7-b742-c5205d79f01e\/1921a8d509cb476db33275277a5d5107.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span>\u00a0Une petite esp\u00e8ce de <em>Calumma<\/em> a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e comme proie d&rsquo;un microc\u00e8be mignon.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-226\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"220\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-226\">220<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"220\"> Parcher, S.R. (1974): Observations on the Natural Histories of Six Malagasy Chamaeleontidae. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Tierpsychologie 34:500\u2013523. <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1439-0310.1974.tb01818.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a><\/span>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Microceve_roux_Microcebus_rufus\"><\/span>Microc\u00e8ve roux (<em>Microcebus rufus<\/em>)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Une observation que nous avons nous-m\u00eames effectu\u00e9e, au cours de laquelle un microc\u00e9bus roux (<em>Microcebus rufus<\/em>) s&rsquo;est nourri de mani\u00e8re cibl\u00e9e de petits cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons endormis, est actuellement en cours de publication. On ignorait jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent que cette esp\u00e8ce s\u2019attaquait \u00e0 des reptiles, et encore moins que certains individus choisissaient d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment des cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons pour diversifier leur r\u00e9gime alimentaire. Les microc\u00e8bes roux se nourrissent habituellement principalement de fruits et d\u2019insectes.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chirogale_moyen_Cheirogaleus_medius\"><\/span>Chirogale moyen (<em>Cheirogaleus medius<\/em>)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<div id=\"attachment_9466\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9466\" class=\"wp-image-9466 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fressfeinde-Fettschwanzmaki-in-Kirindy-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fressfeinde-Fettschwanzmaki-in-Kirindy-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fressfeinde-Fettschwanzmaki-in-Kirindy-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fressfeinde-Fettschwanzmaki-in-Kirindy-420x280.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fressfeinde-Fettschwanzmaki-in-Kirindy-81x54.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Fressfeinde-Fettschwanzmaki-in-Kirindy.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-9466\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Un chirogale moyen dans la for\u00eat s\u00e8che de Kirindy<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le chirogale moyen se nourrit principalement de fruits, mais aussi de fleurs, d&rsquo;insectes et, plus rarement, de petits vert\u00e9br\u00e9s. Pendant la saison s\u00e8che, ces l\u00e9muriens passent la majeure partie de leur temps dans une sorte d&rsquo;hibernation au fond de leurs cavit\u00e9s dans les arbres. \u00c0 cette p\u00e9riode, ils vivent de r\u00e9serves stock\u00e9es dans la poche adipeuse de leur queue, ce qui leur a valu leur nom. \u00c0 ce jour, une peau de cam\u00e9l\u00e9on a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couverte une seule fois dans les excr\u00e9ments d&rsquo;un l\u00e9murien \u00e0 queue grasse occidental originaire de Marosalaza.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-227\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"221\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-227\">221<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"221\">Hladik, C.M., Charles-Dominique, P., Petter, J.J. (1980): Feeding strategies of five nocturnal prosimians in the dry forest of the west coast of Madagascar. In <em>Nocturnal Malagasy Primates. \u00a0Ecology, Physiology, and Behavior <\/em>(Charles-Dominique P, Cooper HM, Hladik A, Page E, Pariente GF, et al., eds.), pp. 41\u201373. Academic Press, New York (USA).<\/span>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Microcebe_de_Coquerel_Mirza_coquereli\"><\/span><strong class=\"rQesXe MPyX\" data-sfc-cp=\"\" data-sfc-root=\"ep\" data-epip=\"\">Microc\u00e8be de Coquerel<!--TgQPHd|||[]--><\/strong> (<em>Mirza coquereli<\/em>)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Comme leur nom l&rsquo;indique, les Microc\u00e8be de Coquerel<!--TgQPHd|||[]--> sont les plus grands repr\u00e9sentants des microc\u00e8bes malgaches. Ils sont nocturnes et vivent dans le sud-ouest de Madagascar. On sait depuis longtemps qu&rsquo;ils sont omnivores et qu&rsquo;ils ont une pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour les fruits et les insectes. Mais il leur arrive aussi de manger des oisillons, des grenouilles ou m\u00eame, de temps en temps, un cam\u00e9l\u00e9on.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-228\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"222\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-228\">222<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"222\">Pages, E. (1980): Ethoecology of <em>Microcebus coquereli<\/em> during the dry season. In <em>Nocturnal Malagasy Primates.\u00a0 Ecology, Physiology, and Behavior <\/em>(Charles-Dominique P, Cooper HM, Hladik A, Page E, Pariente GF, et al., eds.), pp. 97\u2013116. Academic Press, New York (USA).<\/span>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Autres_mammiferes\"><\/span>Autres mammif\u00e8res<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Fossa_Cryptoprocta_ferox\"><\/span>Fossa (<em>Cryptoprocta ferox<\/em>)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<div id=\"attachment_10940\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-10940\" class=\"wp-image-10940 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Fossa-in-Kirindy-300x189.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"189\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Fossa-in-Kirindy-300x189.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Fossa-in-Kirindy-768x485.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Fossa-in-Kirindy-420x265.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Fossa-in-Kirindy-81x51.jpg 81w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Fossa-in-Kirindy-200x126.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Fossa-in-Kirindy.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-10940\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Une fossa se repose sur un tronc d&rsquo;arbre<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Un autre mammif\u00e8re malgache, le fossa (<em>Cryptoprocta ferox<\/em>), qui atteint environ la hauteur du genou et constitue le plus grand pr\u00e9dateur de l&rsquo;\u00eele, s&rsquo;attaque de temps \u00e0 autre \u00e0 la population de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons. Les fossas sont catham\u00e9raux, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire qu&rsquo;elles sont actives de jour et\/ou de nuit selon leurs besoins. Ils peuvent grimper sans difficult\u00e9 aux arbres et y d\u00e9busquer des cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons. \u00c0 ce jour, des os de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons ont \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9s \u00e0 deux reprises dans les excr\u00e9ments de fossas.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-229\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"223\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-229\">223<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"223\">Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499.<\/span> <sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-230\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"224\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-230\">224<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"224\">Hawkins, C.E., Racey, P.A. (2008): Food habits of an endangered carnivore, <em>Cryptoprocta ferox<\/em>, in the dry deciduous forests of western Madagascar. Journal of Mammalogy 89(1): 64-74.<\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bien que les fossas fassent l&rsquo;objet de recherches relativement nombreuses, contrairement \u00e0 d&rsquo;autres animaux de Madagascar, aucune observation n&rsquo;a encore permis de constater qu&rsquo;un fossa s&rsquo;\u00e9tait activement nourri d&rsquo;un cam\u00e9l\u00e9on. Il semble donc qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse plut\u00f4t d\u2019un comportement rare. Il se pourrait toutefois que la plupart des \u00e9tudes sur le fossa soient simplement men\u00e9es \u00ab \u00e0 la mauvaise saison \u00bb, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire en dehors de la saison des pluies, p\u00e9riode durant laquelle les cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons sont les plus nombreux. Malheureusement, la saison des pluies s&rsquo;est jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9e moins int\u00e9ressante pour les chercheurs sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s dans le fossa sur le plan comportemental.<\/p>\n\n<h5 class=\"modern-footnotes-list-heading \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Literatur_zu_diesem_Thema\"><\/span>Literatur zu diesem Thema<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5><ul class=\"modern-footnotes-list \"><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-1\"><span>1<\/span><div>Jenkins Richard K.B., Rabearivony Jeanneney, Rakotomanana Hajanirina (2009): Predation on chameleons in Madagascar: a review. African Journal of Herpetology 58(2): 131-136. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madagasikara-voakajy.org\/17-predation-on-chameleons-in-madagascar-a-review\/file\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-1\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 1 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-2\"><span>2<\/span><div>Thorstrom Russel, Ren\u00e9 de Roland Lily-Arison (2000): First nest description, breeding behaviour and distribution of the Madagascar Serpent-Eagle <em>Eutriorchis astur<\/em>. Ibis 142: 217-224. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Russell-Thorstrom\/publication\/227780668_First_nest_description_breeding_behaviour_and_distribution_of_the_Madagascar_Serpent-Eagle_Eutriorchis_astur\/links\/5aba5685a6fdcc0e3d9ed722\/First-nest-description-breeding-behaviour-and-distribution-of-the-Madagascar-Serpent-Eagle-Eutriorchis-astur.pdf?origin=publicationSearch&amp;_rtd=e30%3D&amp;_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6ImhvbWUiLCJwYWdlIjoic2VhcmNoIiwicG9zaXRpb24iOiJwYWdlSGVhZGVyIn19\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-2\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 2 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-3\"><span>3<\/span><div>Ren\u00e9 de Roland, L.-A., Rabearivony, J.R., Razafimanajato,R. H.R., Obenarimangason, H.R., Thorstrom, R. (2005): Breeding biology and diet of the banded kestrel <em>Falco zoniventris<\/em> on Masoala peninsula. Ostrich 76: 32-36. <a href=\"https:\/\/assets.peregrinefund.org\/docs\/pdf\/research-library\/2005\/2005-Rene-de-Roland-banded-kestrel.pdf\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-3\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 3 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-4\"><span>4<\/span><div>Moger, C. (2004): Birdwatching trip report. Available on <a href=\"http:\/\/www.birdtours.co.uk\/tripreports\/madagascar\/mad7\/mad-oct-04.htm\">http:\/\/www.birdtours.co.uk\/tripreports\/madagascar\/mad7\/mad-oct-04.htm<\/a>  <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-4\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 4 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-5\"><span>5<\/span><div>Colebrook-Robjent, J.F.R. (1973): The breeding of the Madagascar banded kestrel. Bulletin of the British Ornithology club 93: 108-111.  <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-5\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 5 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-6\"><span>6<\/span><div>Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/bulletin-american-museum-natural-history-72-143-499\/page\/378\/mode\/2up?q=falco+zoniventris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-6\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 6 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-7\"><span>7<\/span><div>Thorstrom, R. (1999): A description of the nests, diet and behaviour of the banded kestrel. Ostrich 70: 149-151. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/233084632_A_description_of_nests_diet_and_behaviour_of_the_Banded_Kestrel\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-7\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 7 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-8\"><span>8<\/span><div>Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/bulletin-american-museum-natural-history-72-143-499\/page\/378\/mode\/2up?q=falco+zoniventris\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-8\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 8 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-9\"><span>9<\/span><div>Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. Download <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-9\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 9 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-10\"><span>10<\/span><div>Goodman, S.M., Pidgeon, M., Hawkins, A.F.A., Schulenberg, T.S. (1997): The birds of southeastern Madagascar. Fieldiana Zoology 87: 1-132. Download <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-10\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 10 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-11\"><span>11<\/span><div>Berkelmann, J. (1997): Food habits of the Madagascar buzzard in the rainforest of the Masoala peninsula. The Condor 9: 833-835. <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/condor\/article-abstract\/99\/3\/833\/5124452?redirectedFrom=fulltext\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-11\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 11 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-12\"><span>12<\/span><div>Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. Download <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-12\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 12 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-13\"><span>13<\/span><div> Metcalf, J., Bayly, N., Bisoa, M., Rabearivony, J., Stewart-Jones, A. (2005): <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em>, <em>Furcifer rhinoceratus<\/em>. Predation. Herpetological Review 36(4): 447-448. <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-13\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 13 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-14\"><span>14<\/span><div>Ren\u00e9 de Roland, L-A., Rabearivony, J.R., Randriamanga, I, Thorstrom, R. (2004): Nesting biology and diet of the Madagascar harrier (<em>Circus macrosceles<\/em>) in Ambohitantely Special Reserve, Madagascar. Journal of Raptor Research 38: 256-262. <a href=\"https:\/\/digitalcommons.usf.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=2653&amp;context=jrr\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-14\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 14 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-15\"><span>15<\/span><div>Karpanty, S.M., Goodman, S.M. (1999): Diet of the Madagascar harrier-hawk <em>Polyboroides radiatus<\/em> in south-eastern Madagascar. Journal of Raptor Research 33: 313-316. <a href=\"https:\/\/digitalcommons.usf.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=2397&amp;context=jrr\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-15\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 15 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-16\"><span>16<\/span><div>Goodman, S.M., Langrand, O.L. (1993): Food habits of the barn owl <em>Tyto alba<\/em> at three sites on Madagascar. Ostrich 64(4): 160-171. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/document\/show\/253784\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-16\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 16 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-17\"><span>17<\/span><div>Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/bulletin-american-museum-natural-history-72-143-499\/page\/378\/mode\/2up?q=falco+zoniventris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-17\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 17 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-18\"><span>18<\/span><div>Goodman, S.M., Pidgeon, M., Hawkins, A.F.A., Schulenberg, T.S. (1997): The birds of southeastern Madagascar. Fieldiana Zoology 87: 1-132. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/item\/164285#page\/65\/mode\/1up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-18\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 18 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-19\"><span>19<\/span><div>Goodman, S.M., Pidgeon, M., Hawkins, A.F.A., Schulenberg, T.S. (1997): The birds of southeastern Madagascar. Fieldiana Zoology 87: 1-132. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/item\/164285#page\/65\/mode\/1up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-19\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 19 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-20\"><span>20<\/span><div>Rakotomanana, H., Akamura, M.N., Yamagishi, S. (2001): Breeding ecology of the endemic hook-billed vanga, <em>Vanga curvirostris<\/em>, in Madagascar. Journal of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology. 33: 25-35. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/content\/documents\/ffae6799-245a-4c17-83f5-8de2f7dfe85e\/a7485c0e593947daa1949a8a38d094c8.pdf&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjN_MWai96SAxUKgP0HHZznCuMQFnoECCMQAQ&amp;usg=AOvVaw06gpoWWZ95kWpOzzQ8HlVs\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-20\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 20 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-21\"><span>21<\/span><div>Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/bulletin-american-museum-natural-history-72-143-499\/page\/378\/mode\/2up?q=falco+zoniventris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-21\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 21 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-22\"><span>22<\/span><div>Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/bulletin-american-museum-natural-history-72-143-499\/page\/378\/mode\/2up?q=falco+zoniventris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-22\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 22 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-23\"><span>23<\/span><div>Lamarca, G., Thorstrom, R. (1999): Breeding biology, diet and vocalization of the helmet vanga, <em>Euryceros prevostii<\/em>, on the Masoala Peninsula, Madagascar. Ostrich 71: 400-403. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/241723552_Breeding_biology_diet_and_vocalization_of_the_Helmet_Vanga_Euryceros_prevostii_on_the_Masoala_Peninsula_Madagascar\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-23\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 23 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-24\"><span>24<\/span><div>Thostrom, R., Watson, R.T. (1997): Avian inventory and key species of the Masoala peninsula, Madagascar. Bird Conservation International 7: 99-115. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/231856656_Avian_inventory_and_key_species_of_the_Masoala_Peninsula_Madagascar\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-24\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 24 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-25\"><span>25<\/span><div>Thostrom, R., Lind, J. (1999): First nest description, breeding, ranging and foraging behaviour of the short-legged ground roller <em>Brachypteracias leptosomus<\/em> in Madagascar. Ibis 141: 569-576. <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1474-919X.1999.tb07364.x\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-25\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 25 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-26\"><span>26<\/span><div>Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/bulletin-american-museum-natural-history-72-143-499\/page\/378\/mode\/2up?q=falco+zoniventris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-26\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 26 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-27\"><span>27<\/span><div>Thostrom, R., Watson, R.T. (1997): Avian inventory and key species of the Masoala peninsula, Madagascar. Bird Conservation International 7: 99-115. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/231856656_Avian_inventory_and_key_species_of_the_Masoala_Peninsula_Madagascar\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-27\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 27 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-28\"><span>28<\/span><div>Thostrom, R., Lind, J. (1999): First nest description, breeding, ranging and foraging behaviour of the short-legged ground roller <em>Brachypteracias leptosomus<\/em> in Madagascar. Ibis 141: 569-576. <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1474-919X.1999.tb07364.x\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-28\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 28 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-29\"><span>29<\/span><div>Goodman, S.M., Pidgeon, M., Hawkins, A.F.A., Schulenberg, T.S. (1997): The birds of southeastern Madagascar. Fieldiana Zoology 87: 1-132. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/item\/164285#page\/65\/mode\/1up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-29\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 29 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-30\"><span>30<\/span><div> Metcalf, J., Bayly, N., Bisoa, M., Rabearivony, J., Stewart-Jones, A. (2005): <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em>, <em>Furcifer rhinoceratus<\/em>. Predation. Herpetological Review 36(4): 447-448. <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-30\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 30 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-31\"><span>31<\/span><div>Goodman, S.M., Pidgeon, M., Hawkins, A.F.A., Schulenberg, T.S. (1997): The birds of southeastern Madagascar. Fieldiana Zoology 87: 1-132. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/item\/164285#page\/65\/mode\/1up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-31\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 31 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-32\"><span>32<\/span><div>Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/bulletin-american-museum-natural-history-72-143-499\/page\/378\/mode\/2up?q=falco+zoniventris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-32\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 32 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-33\"><span>33<\/span><div>Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/bulletin-american-museum-natural-history-72-143-499\/page\/378\/mode\/2up?q=falco+zoniventris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-33\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 33 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-34\"><span>34<\/span><div>Goodman, S.M., Pidgeon, M., Hawkins, A.F.A., Schulenberg, T.S. (1997): The birds of southeastern Madagascar. Fieldiana Zoology 87: 1-132. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/item\/164285#page\/65\/mode\/1up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-34\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 34 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-35\"><span>35<\/span><div>Jenkins, R.K.B. (2001): Observations on the white-thorated rail <em>Dryolimnas cuvieri<\/em> in Madagascar. Scopus 21: 65-67. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/item\/164285#page\/65\/mode\/1up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-35\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 35 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-36\"><span>36<\/span><div>Crottini, A., Harris, D.J., Irisarri, I.A., Lima, A., Rasamison, S., Rosa, G.M. (2010): Confirming Domergue: <em>Ithycyphus oursi<\/em> Domergue, 1986 predation upon <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em> (Mocquard, 1894). Herpetology Notes 3: 127-131. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/document\/show\/161129\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-36\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 36 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-37\"><span>37<\/span><div>Domergue, C.A. (1986): Notes sur les serpents de la r\u00e9gion malgache VI. Le genre <em>Ithycyphus<\/em> G\u00fcnther 1973; description de deux esp\u00e8ces Nouvelles. Bulletin du mus\u00e9um national d\u2019histoire naturelle Paris Ser. 4, Sec. A. 8: 409- 434. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/document\/show\/246218\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-37\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 37 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-38\"><span>38<\/span><div> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-38\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 38 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-39\"><span>38<\/span><div>Ava-Leigh. (2017): <em>Ithycyphus miniatus<\/em> feeding on a chameleon. Available on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.istockphoto.com\/de\/foto\/kleine-nacht-schlange-essen-ein-cham%C3%A4leon-nosy-komba-madagaskar-gm885409058-246015731%5b\/mfn\">https:\/\/www.istockphoto.com\/de\/foto\/kleine-nacht-schlange-essen-ein-cham%C3%A4leon-nosy-komba-madagaskar-gm885409058-246015731[\/mfn<\/a>] Aber auch Beobachtungen aus der Terraristik in Deutschland legen nahe, dass Cham\u00e4leons von dieser Schlange gerne verzehrt werden.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-38\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"38\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-38\">38<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"38\"><\/span>Glaw, F., Vences, M. (2007): Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar. 3<sup>rd<\/sup> edition. Vences &amp; Glaw Verlag, Cologne, Germany. 498 pp.  <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-39\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 38 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-40\"><span>39<\/span><div>Glaw, F., Vences, M. (2007): Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar. 3<sup>rd<\/sup> edition. Vences &amp; Glaw Verlag, Cologne, Germany. 498 pp.  <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-40\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 39 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-41\"><span>40<\/span><div> Andriamandimbiarisoa, L.N. (2007): Contribution \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e8tude de l\u2019histoire de trois esp\u00e8ces de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons de la region de Toliary, <em>Furcifer verrucosus<\/em> (Grandidier, 1872) et <em>Furcifer antimena<\/em> (Grandidier, 1872): biologie, \u00e9cologie et \u00e9thologie de la reproduction. M\u00e9moire DEA, unpublished. D\u00e9partement de Biologie Animale, University of Antananarivo, Madagascar. 73 pages. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/document\/show\/230839\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-41\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 40 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-42\"><span>41<\/span><div>Glaw, F., Vences, M. (1996): Seltene Schlangen aus Madagaskar. TI Magazin 132: 41-45. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/de\/document\/view\/9397256\/seltene-schlangen-aus-madagaskar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-42\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 41 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-43\"><span>42<\/span><div>Negro, A., Radimbiniaina, H.Z. (2026): Rotten ready-to-eat: observation of a Malagasy Cat-eyed Snake, <em>Madagascarophis colubrinus<\/em> (Schlegel, 1837), feeding on the carcass of a Panther Chameleon, <em>Furcifer pardalis<\/em> (Cuvier, 1829). Herpetology Notes 19: 399-401. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/publikationen\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-43\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 42 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-44\"><span>43<\/span><div>Kryukova, E.V., Ivanov, D.A., Kopylova, N.V., Starkov, V.G., Andreeva, T.V., Ivanov, I.A., Tsetlin, V.I., Utkin, Yu. N. (2023): A new peptide from the venom of the Madagascar cat-eyed snake <em>Madagascarophis colubrinus<\/em> blocks nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry 49(3): 529-537. <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1134\/S1068162023030159\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-44\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 43 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-45\"><span>44<\/span><div>Rosa, G.M., Boistel, R., Campantico, E., Gillet, B., Berg\u00f2, P.E., Andreone, F. (2014): Case solved: presence of toxin-secreting oral glands in the lamprophiid snake <em>Mimophis mahfalensis<\/em> (Grandidier, 1867) from Madagascar. Zoomorphology 133: 417-423. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/document\/show\/286447\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-45\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 44 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-46\"><span>45<\/span><div> Ruane, S., Myers, E.A., Lo, K., Yuen, S., Welt, R.S., Juman, M., Futterman, I., Nussbaum, R.A., Schneider, G., Burbrink, F.T., Raxworthy, C.J. (2017): Unrecognized species diversity and new insights into colour pattern polymorphism within the widespread Malagasy snake <em>Mimophis<\/em> (Serpentes: Lamprohiidae). Systematics and Biodiversity 16(3): 1-16. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/document\/show\/286871\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-46\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 45 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-47\"><span>46<\/span><div> Metcalf, J., Bayly, N., Bisoa, M., Rabearivony, J., Stewart-Jones, A. (2005): <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em>, <em>Furcifer rhinoceratus<\/em>. Predation. Herpetological Review 36(4): 447-448. <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-47\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 46 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-48\"><span>47<\/span><div> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-48\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 47 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-49\"><span>47<\/span><div> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-2285525\/Snake-vs-chameleon-Moment-savage-serpent-strikes-defenceless-animal-toxic-paralysing-poison-eats-lunch.html%5b\/mfn\">https:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-2285525\/Snake-vs-chameleon-Moment-savage-serpent-strikes-defenceless-animal-toxic-paralysing-poison-eats-lunch.html[\/mfn<\/a>] Nahe des Andringitramassifs im S\u00fcdosten Madagaskars sammelten Wissenschaftler eine <em>Mimophis mahfalensis<\/em>, in deren Magen sie ein k\u00fcrzlich gefressenes <em>Furcifer willsii<\/em> entdeckten.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-48\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"47\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-48\">47<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"47\"><\/span> Lob\u00f3n-Rovira, J., Belluardo, F., Rasoazanany, M., Rosa, G.M., Crottini, A. (2020): Canopy chameleon (<em>Furcifer willsii<\/em>) consumption by common big-eyed snake (<em>Mimophis mahfalensis<\/em>) in Fivahona Forest, eastern Madagascar. Malagasy Nature 14: 81-83. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/348382337_Canopy_chameleon_Furcifer_willsii_consumption_by_common_big-eyed_snake_Mimophis_mahfalensis_in_Fivahona_Forest_eastern_Madagascar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-49\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 47 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-50\"><span>48<\/span><div> Rosa, G.M., Castelo Branco, J., Couto, H., Berg\u00f2, P.E., Andreone, F. (2016): <em>Mimophis mahfalensis<\/em> (common big-eyed snake) predation on <em>Furcifer major<\/em> (giant carpet chameleon) in Isalo, Madagascar. The Herpetological Bulletin 138: 40-41. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebhs.org\/publications\/the-herpetological-bulletin\/issue-number-138-winter-2016\/970-14-i-mimophis-mahfalensis-i-common-big-eyed-snake-predation-on-i-furcifer-major-i-giant-carpet-chameleon-in-isalo-madagascar\/file\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-50\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 48 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-51\"><span>49<\/span><div>Andriamandimbiarisoa, L.N. (2007): Contribution \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e8tude de l\u2019histoire de trois esp\u00e8ces de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons de la region de Toliary, <em>Furcifer verrucosus<\/em> (Grandidier, 1872) et <em>Furcifer antimena<\/em> (Grandidier, 1872): biologie, \u00e9cologie et \u00e9thologie de la reproduction. M\u00e9moire DEA, unpublished. D\u00e9partement de Biologie Animale, University of Antananarivo, Madagascar. 73 pages. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/document\/show\/230839\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-51\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 49 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-52\"><span>50<\/span><div>Edmonds, D.A., Sam-Edmonds, S.S. (2024): Predation on the chameleons <em>Calumma crypticum<\/em> Raxworthy and Nussbaum, 2006 and <em>C. gastrotaenia<\/em> (Boulenger, 1888) by the snake <em>Compsophis infralineatus<\/em> (G\u00fcnther, 1882) near Mandraka, Madagascar. Herpetology Notes 17: 327-328. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https:\/\/www.biotaxa.org\/hn\/article\/view\/85200\/80490&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjopczhvZqVAxXhRfEDHQlwDVMQFnoECBcQAQ&amp;usg=AOvVaw2mC52hNl2WywOx2o069I16\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-52\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 50 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-53\"><span>51<\/span><div>Edmonds, D.A., Sam-Edmonds, S.S. (2024): Predation on the chameleons <em>Calumma crypticum<\/em> Raxworthy and Nussbaum, 2006 and <em>C. gastrotaenia<\/em> (Boulenger, 1888) by the snake <em>Compsophis infralineatus<\/em> (G\u00fcnther, 1882) near Mandraka, Madagascar. Herpetology Notes 17: 327-328. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/384147944_Predation_on_the_chameleons_Calumma_crypticum_Raxworthy_and_Nussbaum_2006_and_C_gastrotaenia_Boulenger_1888_by_the_snake_Compsophis_infralineatus_Gunther_1882_near_Mandraka_Madagascar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-53\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 51 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-54\"><span>52<\/span><div>Glaw, F., Vences, M. (2007): Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar. 3<sup>rd<\/sup> edition. Vences &amp; Glaw Verlag, Cologne, Germany. 498 pp.  <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-54\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 52 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-55\"><span>53<\/span><div>Kaloloha, A., Misandeau, C., Gehring, P.-S. (2011): Notes on the diversity and natural history of the snake fauna of Ambodiriana-Manompana, a protected rainforest site in north-eastern Madagascar. Herpetology Notes 4: 397-402. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org\/paper\/Notes-on-the-diversity-and-natural-history-of-the-a-Kaloloha-Misandeau\/4aa01ab61434ae19c2c40800663886c80e8f054a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-55\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 53 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-56\"><span>54<\/span><div>Raxworthy, C.J. (1988): Reptiles, Rainforest and Conservation in Madagascar. Biological Conservation 43: 181-211. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/0006320788901139\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-56\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 54 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-57\"><span>55<\/span><div>Glaw, F., Vences, M. (1996): Seltene Schlangen aus Madagaskar. TI Magazin 132: 41-45. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/de\/document\/view\/9397256\/seltene-schlangen-aus-madagaskar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-57\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 55 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-58\"><span>56<\/span><div>Knoll, A., Glaw, F., K\u00f6hler, J. (2009): The Malagasy snake <em>Pseudoxyrhopus ambreensis<\/em> preys upon chameleon eggs by shell slitting. Herpetology Notes 2: 161-162. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/document\/show\/263150\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-58\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 56 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-59\"><span>57<\/span><div>Viol, A.L., Crowell, H.L., Lee, J.L., Schramer, T.D. (2025): Langaha madagascariensis (Malagasy Leaf-nosed Snake). Diet and reproduction. Herpetological Review 55(2): 284. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/389631879_LANGAHA_MADAGASCARIENSIS_Malagasy_Leaf-nosed_Snake_DIET_and_REPRODUCTION\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-59\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 57 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-60\"><span>58<\/span><div>Tingle, J.L. (2012): Field observations on the behavioral ecology of the Madagascan Leaf-nosed Snake, <em>Langaha madagascariensis<\/em>. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 7(3): 442-448. <a href=\"https:\/\/herpconbio.org\/Volume_7\/Issue_3\/Tingle_2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-60\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 58 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-61\"><span>59<\/span><div>Ren\u00e9 de Roland, A., Razarazafy, D., Fabrice, S. (2025): Predation on <em>Furcifer<\/em> sp. by Oustalet\u2019s Chameleon, <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em> (Mocquard, 1894), in the Central Highlands of Madagascar. Herpetology Notes 18: 305-306. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/392315972_Predation_on_Fulcifer_sp_by_Oustalet%27s_Chameleon_Fulcifer_oustaleti_Mocquard_1894_in_the_Central_Highlands_of_Madagascar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-61\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 59 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-62\"><span>60<\/span><div>Metcalf, J., Bayly, N., Bisoa, M., Rabearivony, J., Stewart-Jones, A. (2005): <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em>, <em>Furcifer rhinoceratus<\/em>. Predation. Herpetological Review 36(4): 447-448. <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-62\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 60 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-63\"><span>61<\/span><div>D\u2019Cruze, N., Sabel, J.A. (2005): <em>Ptychadena mascariensis<\/em> (Mascarene ridged frog): Predation on an endemic Malagasy chameleon. Herpetological Bulletin 93: 26-27. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebhs.org\/publications\/the-herpetological-bulletin\/issue-number-93-autumn-2005\/2984-hb093-08\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-63\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 61 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-64\"><span>62<\/span><div>Vences, M., Glaw, F., Zapp, C. (1999): Stomach content analyses in Malagasy frogs of the genera <em>Tomoptera<\/em>, <em>Aglyptodactylus<\/em>, <em>Boophis<\/em>, and <em>Mantidactylus<\/em> (Anura: Ranidae). Herpetozoa 11 (3\/4): 109-116. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zobodat.at\/pdf\/HER_11_3_4_0109-0116.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-64\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 62 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-65\"><span>63<\/span><div>Parcher, S.R. (1974): Observations on the Natural Histories of Six Malagasy Chamaeleontidae. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Tierpsychologie 34:500\u2013523. <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1439-0310.1974.tb01818.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-65\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 63 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-66\"><span>64<\/span><div>Oda, R. (1996): Predation on a Chameleon by a Ring-Tailed Lemur (<em>Lemur catta<\/em>) in the Berenty Reserve, Madagascar. Folia Primatologica 67:40\u201343. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/239783040_Predation_on_a_Chameleon_by_a_Ring-Tailed_Lemur_Lemur_catta_in_the_Berenty_Reserve_Madagascar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-66\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 64 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-67\"><span>65<\/span><div>Jolly, A., Caless, S., Cavigelli, S., Gould, L., Pereira, M.E., Pitts, A., Pride, R.E., Rabenandrasana, H.D., Walker, J.D., Zafison, T. (2000): Infant killing, wounding and predation in <em>Eulemur <\/em>and <em>Lemur<\/em>. International Journal of Primatology 21:21-40. <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1005467411880\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-67\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 65 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-68\"><span>66<\/span><div>Simmen, B., Hladik, A., Ramasiarisoa, P. (2003): \u00a0Food intake and dietary overlap in native <em>Lemur catta<\/em> and <em>Propithecus verreauxi<\/em> and introduced <em>Eulemur fulvus<\/em> at Berenty, southern Madagascar. International Journal of Primatology 24: 949\u2013968. <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1026366309980\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-68\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 66 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-69\"><span>67<\/span><div>Ichino, S., Rambeloarivony, H. (2011): \u00a0New cases of vertebrate predation by the ring-tailed lemur (<em>Lemur catta<\/em>), with reference to differences from <em>Eulemur<\/em> species and other primates. African Study Monographs 32: 69\u201380. <a href=\"https:\/\/repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp\/bitstreams\/5a08d2b8-db9e-4f29-b907-5bcdbd3a89dd\/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-69\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 67 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-70\"><span>68<\/span><div>Jolly, A., Caless, S., Cavigelli, S., Gould, L., Pereira, M.E., Pitts, A., Pride, R.E., Rabenandrasana, H.D., Walker, J.D., Zafison, T. (2000): Infant killing, wounding and predation in <em>Eulemur <\/em>and <em>Lemur<\/em>. International Journal of Primatology 21:21-40. <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1005467411880\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-70\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 68 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-71\"><span>69<\/span><div>Dammhahn, M., Kappeler, P.M. (2008): Comparative feeding ecology of sympatric <em>Microcebus berthae<\/em> and <em>M. murinus<\/em>. International Journal of Primatology 29: 1567\u20131589. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/biodiv\/content\/documents\/c576eec5-b997-43e7-b742-c5205d79f01e\/1921a8d509cb476db33275277a5d5107.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-71\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 69 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-72\"><span>70<\/span><div>Dammhahn, M., Kappeler, P.M. (2008): Comparative feeding ecology of sympatric <em>Microcebus berthae<\/em> and <em>M. murinus<\/em>. International Journal of Primatology 29: 1567\u20131589. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/biodiv\/content\/documents\/c576eec5-b997-43e7-b742-c5205d79f01e\/1921a8d509cb476db33275277a5d5107.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-72\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 70 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-73\"><span>71<\/span><div> Parcher, S.R. (1974): Observations on the Natural Histories of Six Malagasy Chamaeleontidae. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Tierpsychologie 34:500\u2013523. <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1439-0310.1974.tb01818.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-73\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 71 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-74\"><span>72<\/span><div>Hladik, C.M., Charles-Dominique, P., Petter, J.J. (1980): Feeding strategies of five nocturnal prosimians in the dry forest of the west coast of Madagascar. In <em>Nocturnal Malagasy Primates. \u00a0Ecology, Physiology, and Behavior <\/em>(Charles-Dominique P, Cooper HM, Hladik A, Page E, Pariente GF, et al., eds.), pp. 41\u201373. Academic Press, New York (USA). <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-74\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 72 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-75\"><span>73<\/span><div>Pages, E. (1980): Ethoecology of <em>Microcebus coquereli<\/em> during the dry season. In <em>Nocturnal Malagasy Primates.\u00a0 Ecology, Physiology, and Behavior <\/em>(Charles-Dominique P, Cooper HM, Hladik A, Page E, Pariente GF, et al., eds.), pp. 97\u2013116. Academic Press, New York (USA). <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-75\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 73 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-76\"><span>74<\/span><div>Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-76\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 74 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-77\"><span>75<\/span><div>Hawkins, C.E., Racey, P.A. (2008): Food habits of an endangered carnivore, <em>Cryptoprocta ferox<\/em>, in the dry deciduous forests of western Madagascar. Journal of Mammalogy 89(1): 64-74. <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-77\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 75 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-78\"><span>76<\/span><div>Jenkins Richard K.B., Rabearivony Jeanneney, Rakotomanana Hajanirina (2009): Predation on chameleons in Madagascar: a review. African Journal of Herpetology 58(2): 131-136. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madagasikara-voakajy.org\/17-predation-on-chameleons-in-madagascar-a-review\/file\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-78\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 76 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-79\"><span>77<\/span><div>Thorstrom Russel, Ren\u00e9 de Roland Lily-Arison (2000): First nest description, breeding behaviour and distribution of the Madagascar Serpent-Eagle <em>Eutriorchis astur<\/em>. Ibis 142: 217-224. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Russell-Thorstrom\/publication\/227780668_First_nest_description_breeding_behaviour_and_distribution_of_the_Madagascar_Serpent-Eagle_Eutriorchis_astur\/links\/5aba5685a6fdcc0e3d9ed722\/First-nest-description-breeding-behaviour-and-distribution-of-the-Madagascar-Serpent-Eagle-Eutriorchis-astur.pdf?origin=publicationSearch&amp;_rtd=e30%3D&amp;_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6ImhvbWUiLCJwYWdlIjoic2VhcmNoIiwicG9zaXRpb24iOiJwYWdlSGVhZGVyIn19\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-79\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 77 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-80\"><span>78<\/span><div>Ren\u00e9 de Roland, L.-A., Rabearivony, J.R., Razafimanajato,R. H.R., Obenarimangason, H.R., Thorstrom, R. (2005): Breeding biology and diet of the banded kestrel <em>Falco zoniventris<\/em> on Masoala peninsula. Ostrich 76: 32-36. <a href=\"https:\/\/assets.peregrinefund.org\/docs\/pdf\/research-library\/2005\/2005-Rene-de-Roland-banded-kestrel.pdf\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-80\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 78 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-81\"><span>79<\/span><div>Moger, C. (2004): Birdwatching trip report. Available on <a href=\"http:\/\/www.birdtours.co.uk\/tripreports\/madagascar\/mad7\/mad-oct-04.htm\">http:\/\/www.birdtours.co.uk\/tripreports\/madagascar\/mad7\/mad-oct-04.htm<\/a>  <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-81\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 79 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-82\"><span>80<\/span><div>Colebrook-Robjent, J.F.R. (1973): The breeding oft he Madagascar banded kestrel. Bulletin of the British Ornithology club 93: 108-111.  <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-82\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 80 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-83\"><span>81<\/span><div>Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/bulletin-american-museum-natural-history-72-143-499\/page\/378\/mode\/2up?q=falco+zoniventris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-83\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 81 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-84\"><span>82<\/span><div>Thorstrom, R. (1999): A description of the nests, diet and behaviour of the banded kestrel. Ostrich 70: 149-151. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/233084632_A_description_of_nests_diet_and_behaviour_of_the_Banded_Kestrel\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-84\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 82 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-85\"><span>83<\/span><div>Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/bulletin-american-museum-natural-history-72-143-499\/page\/378\/mode\/2up?q=falco+zoniventris\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-85\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 83 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-86\"><span>84<\/span><div>Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. Download <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-86\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 84 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-87\"><span>85<\/span><div>Goodman, S.M., Pidgeon, M., Hawkins, A.F.A., Schulenberg, T.S. (1997): The birds of southeastern Madagascar. Fieldiana Zoology 87: 1-132. Download <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-87\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 85 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-88\"><span>86<\/span><div>Berkelmann, J. (1997): Food habits of the Madagascar buzzard in the rainforest of the Masoala peninsula. The Condor 9: 833-835. <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/condor\/article-abstract\/99\/3\/833\/5124452?redirectedFrom=fulltext\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-88\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 86 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-89\"><span>87<\/span><div>Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. Download <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-89\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 87 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-90\"><span>88<\/span><div> Metcalf, J., Bayly, N., Bisoa, M., Rabearivony, J., Stewart-Jones, A. (2005): <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em>, <em>Furcifer rhinoceratus<\/em>. Predation. Herpetological Review 36(4): 447-448. <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-90\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 88 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-91\"><span>89<\/span><div>Ren\u00e9 de Roland, L-A., Rabearivony, J.R., Randriamanga, I, Thorstrom, R. (2004): Nesting biology and diet of the Madagascar harrier (<em>Circus macrosceles<\/em>) in Ambohitantely Special Reserve, Madagascar. Journal of Raptor Research 38: 256-262. <a href=\"https:\/\/digitalcommons.usf.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=2653&amp;context=jrr\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-91\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 89 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-92\"><span>90<\/span><div>Karpanty, S.M., Goodman, S.M. (1999): Diet of the Madagascar harrier-hawk <em>Polyboroides radiatus<\/em> in south-eastern Madagascar. Journal of Raptor Research 33: 313-316. <a href=\"https:\/\/digitalcommons.usf.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=2397&amp;context=jrr\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-92\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 90 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-93\"><span>91<\/span><div>Goodman, S.M., Langrand, O.L. (1993): Food habits of the barn owl <em>Tyto alba<\/em> at three sites on Madagascar. Ostrich 64(4): 160-171. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/document\/show\/253784\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-93\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 91 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-94\"><span>92<\/span><div>Goodman, S.M., Pidgeon, M., Hawkins, A.F.A., Schulenberg, T.S. (1997): The birds of southeastern Madagascar. Fieldiana Zoology 87: 1-132. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/item\/164285#page\/65\/mode\/1up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-94\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 92 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-95\"><span>93<\/span><div>Goodman, S.M., Pidgeon, M., Hawkins, A.F.A., Schulenberg, T.S. (1997): The birds of southeastern Madagascar. Fieldiana Zoology 87: 1-132. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/item\/164285#page\/65\/mode\/1up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-95\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 93 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-96\"><span>94<\/span><div>Rakotomanana, H., Akamura, M.N., Yamagishi, S. (2001): Breeding ecology of the endemic hook-billed vanga, <em>Vanga curvirostris<\/em>, in Madagascar. Journal of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology. 33: 25-35. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/content\/documents\/ffae6799-245a-4c17-83f5-8de2f7dfe85e\/a7485c0e593947daa1949a8a38d094c8.pdf&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjN_MWai96SAxUKgP0HHZznCuMQFnoECCMQAQ&amp;usg=AOvVaw06gpoWWZ95kWpOzzQ8HlVs\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-96\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 94 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-97\"><span>95<\/span><div>Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/bulletin-american-museum-natural-history-72-143-499\/page\/378\/mode\/2up?q=falco+zoniventris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-97\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 95 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-98\"><span>96<\/span><div>Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/bulletin-american-museum-natural-history-72-143-499\/page\/378\/mode\/2up?q=falco+zoniventris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-98\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 96 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-99\"><span>97<\/span><div>Lamarca, G., Thorstrom, R. (1999): Breeding biology, diet and vocalization of the helmet vanga, <em>Euryceros prevostii<\/em>, on the Masoala Peninsula, Madagascar. Ostrich 71: 400-403. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/241723552_Breeding_biology_diet_and_vocalization_of_the_Helmet_Vanga_Euryceros_prevostii_on_the_Masoala_Peninsula_Madagascar\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-99\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 97 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-100\"><span>98<\/span><div>Thostrom, R., Watson, R.T. (1997): Avian inventory and key species of the Masoala Peninsula, Madagascar. Bird Conservation International 7: 99-115. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/231856656_Avian_inventory_and_key_species_of_the_Masoala_Peninsula_Madagascar\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-100\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 98 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-101\"><span>99<\/span><div>Thostrom, R., Lind, J. (1999): First nest description, breeding, ranging and foraging behaviour of the short-legged ground roller <em>Brachypteracias leptosomus<\/em> in Madagascar. Ibis 141: 569-576. <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1474-919X.1999.tb07364.x\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-101\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 99 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-102\"><span>100<\/span><div>Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/bulletin-american-museum-natural-history-72-143-499\/page\/378\/mode\/2up?q=falco+zoniventris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-102\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 100 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-103\"><span>101<\/span><div>Thostrom, R., Watson, R.T. (1997): Avian inventory and key species of the Masoala peninsula, Madagascar. Bird Conservation International 7: 99-115. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/231856656_Avian_inventory_and_key_species_of_the_Masoala_Peninsula_Madagascar\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-103\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 101 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-104\"><span>102<\/span><div>Thostrom, R., Lind, J. (1999): First nest description, breeding, ranging and foraging behaviour of the short-legged ground roller <em>Brachypteracias leptosomus<\/em> in Madagascar. Ibis 141: 569-576. <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1474-919X.1999.tb07364.x\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-104\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 102 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-105\"><span>103<\/span><div>Goodman, S.M., Pidgeon, M., Hawkins, A.F.A., Schulenberg, T.S. (1997): The birds of southeastern Madagascar. Fieldiana Zoology 87: 1-132. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/item\/164285#page\/65\/mode\/1up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-105\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 103 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-106\"><span>104<\/span><div> Metcalf, J., Bayly, N., Bisoa, M., Rabearivony, J., Stewart-Jones, A. (2005): <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em>, <em>Furcifer rhinoceratus<\/em>. Predation. Herpetological Review 36(4): 447-448. <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-106\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 104 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-107\"><span>105<\/span><div>Goodman, S.M., Pidgeon, M., Hawkins, A.F.A., Schulenberg, T.S. (1997): The birds of southeastern Madagascar. Fieldiana Zoology 87: 1-132. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/item\/164285#page\/65\/mode\/1up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-107\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 105 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-108\"><span>106<\/span><div>Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/bulletin-american-museum-natural-history-72-143-499\/page\/378\/mode\/2up?q=falco+zoniventris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-108\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 106 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-109\"><span>107<\/span><div>Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/bulletin-american-museum-natural-history-72-143-499\/page\/378\/mode\/2up?q=falco+zoniventris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-109\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 107 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-110\"><span>108<\/span><div>Goodman, S.M., Pidgeon, M., Hawkins, A.F.A., Schulenberg, T.S. (1997): The birds of southeastern Madagascar. Fieldiana Zoology 87: 1-132. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/item\/164285#page\/65\/mode\/1up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-110\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 108 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-111\"><span>109<\/span><div>Jenkins, R.K.B. (2001): Observations on the white-thorated rail <em>Dryolimnas cuvieri<\/em> in Madagascar. Scopus 21: 65-67. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/item\/164285#page\/65\/mode\/1up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-111\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 109 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-112\"><span>110<\/span><div>Crottini, A., Harris, D.J., Irisarri, I.A., Lima, A., Rasamison, S., Rosa, G.M. (2010): Confirming Domergue: <em>Ithycyphus oursi<\/em> Domergue, 1986 predation upon <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em> (Mocquard, 1894). Herpetology Notes 3: 127-131. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/document\/show\/161129\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-112\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 110 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-113\"><span>111<\/span><div>Domergue, C.A. (1986): Notes sur les serpents de la r\u00e9gion malgache VI. Le genre <em>Ithycyphus<\/em> G\u00fcnther 1973; description de deux esp\u00e8ces nouvelles. Bulletin du Mus\u00e9um national d\u2019histoire naturelle Paris Ser. 4, Sec. A. 8: 409-434. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/document\/show\/246218\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-113\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 111 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-114\"><span>112<\/span><div> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-114\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 112 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-115\"><span>112<\/span><div>Ava-Leigh. (2017): <em>Ithycyphus miniatus<\/em> feeding on a chameleon. Available on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.istockphoto.com\/de\/foto\/kleine-nacht-schlange-essen-ein-cham%C3%A4leon-nosy-komba-madagaskar-gm885409058-246015731%5b\/mfn\">https:\/\/www.istockphoto.com\/de\/foto\/kleine-nacht-schlange-essen-ein-cham%C3%A4leon-nosy-komba-madagaskar-gm885409058-246015731[\/mfn<\/a>] However, observations from the terrarium hobby in Germany also suggest that chameleons are a favourite food of this snake.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-114\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"112\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-114\">112<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"112\"><\/span>Glaw, F., Vences, M. (2007): Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar. 3<sup>rd<\/sup> edition. Vences &amp; Glaw Verlag, Cologne, Germany. 498 pp.  <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-115\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 112 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-116\"><span>113<\/span><div>Glaw, F., Vences, M. (2007): Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar. 3<sup>rd<\/sup> edition. Vences &amp; Glaw Verlag, Cologne, Germany. 498 pp.  <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-116\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 113 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-117\"><span>114<\/span><div> Andriamandimbiarisoa, L.N. (2007): Contribution \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude de l\u2019histoire de trois esp\u00e8ces de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons de la r\u00e9gion de Toliary, <em>Furcifer verrucosus<\/em> (Grandidier, 1872) et <em>Furcifer antimena<\/em> (Grandidier, 1872): biologie, \u00e9cologie et \u00e9thologie de la reproduction. M\u00e9moire DEA, unpublished. D\u00e9partement de Biologie Animale, University of Antananarivo, Madagascar. 73 pages. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/document\/show\/230839\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-117\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 114 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-118\"><span>115<\/span><div>Glaw, F., Vences, M. (1996): Seltene Schlangen aus Madagaskar. TI Magazin 132: 41-45. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/de\/document\/view\/9397256\/seltene-schlangen-aus-madagaskar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-118\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 115 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-119\"><span>116<\/span><div>Negro, A., Radimbiniaina, H.Z. (2026): Rotten ready-to-eat: observation of a Malagasy Cat-eyed Snake, <em>Madagascarophis colubrinus<\/em> (Schlegel, 1837), feeding on the carcass of a Panther Chameleon, <em>Furcifer pardalis<\/em> (Cuvier, 1829). Herpetology Notes 19: 399-401. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/publikationen\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-119\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 116 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-120\"><span>117<\/span><div>Kryukova, E.V., Ivanov, D.A., Kopylova, N.V., Starkov, V.G., Andreeva, T.V., Ivanov, I.A., Tsetlin, V.I., Utkin, Yu. N. (2023): A new peptide from the venom of the Madagascar cat-eyed snake <em>Madagascarophis colubrinus<\/em> blocks nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry 49(3): 529-537. <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1134\/S1068162023030159\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-120\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 117 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-121\"><span>118<\/span><div>Rosa, G.M., Boistel, R., Campantico, E., Gillet, B., Berg\u00f2, P.E., Andreone, F. (2014): Case solved: presence of toxin-secreting oral glands in the lamprophiid snake <em>Mimophis mahfalensis<\/em> (Grandidier, 1867) from Madagascar. Zoomorphology 133: 417-423. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/document\/show\/286447\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-121\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 118 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-122\"><span>119<\/span><div> Ruane, S., Myers, E.A., Lo, K., Yuen, S., Welt, R.S., Juman, M., Futterman, I., Nussbaum, R.A., Schneider, G., Burbrink, F.T., Raxworthy, C.J. (2017): Unrecognized species diversity and new insights into colour pattern polymorphism within the widespread Malagasy snake <em>Mimophis<\/em> (Serpentes: Lamprohiidae). Systematics and Biodiversity 16(3): 1-16. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/document\/show\/286871\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-122\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 119 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-123\"><span>120<\/span><div> Metcalf, J., Bayly, N., Bisoa, M., Rabearivony, J., Stewart-Jones, A. (2005): <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em>, <em>Furcifer rhinoceratus<\/em>. Predation. Herpetological Review 36(4): 447-448. <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-123\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 120 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-124\"><span>121<\/span><div> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-124\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 121 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-125\"><span>121<\/span><div> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-2285525\/Snake-vs-chameleon-Moment-savage-serpent-strikes-defenceless-animal-toxic-paralysing-poison-eats-lunch.html%5b\/mfn\">https:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-2285525\/Snake-vs-chameleon-Moment-savage-serpent-strikes-defenceless-animal-toxic-paralysing-poison-eats-lunch.html[\/mfn<\/a>]\u00a0Near the Andringitra massif in south-eastern Madagascar, scientists collected a <em>Mimophis mahfalensis<\/em>, in whose stomach they discovered a recently ingested <em>Furcifer willsii<\/em>.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-124\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"121\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-124\">121<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"121\"><\/span> Lob\u00f3n-Rovira, J., Belluardo, F., Rasoazanany, M., Rosa, G.M., Crottini, A. (2020): Canopy chameleon (<em>Furcifer willsii<\/em>) consumption by common big-eyed snake (<em>Mimophis mahfalensis<\/em>) in Fivahona Forest, eastern Madagascar. Malagasy Nature 14: 81-83. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/348382337_Canopy_chameleon_Furcifer_willsii_consumption_by_common_big-eyed_snake_Mimophis_mahfalensis_in_Fivahona_Forest_eastern_Madagascar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-125\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 121 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-126\"><span>122<\/span><div> Rosa, G.M., Castelo Branco, J., Couto, H., Berg\u00f2, P.E., Andreone, F. (2016): <em>Mimophis mahfalensis<\/em> (common big-eyed snake) predation on <em>Furcifer major<\/em> (giant carpet chameleon) in Isalo, Madagascar. The Herpetological Bulletin 138: 40-41. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebhs.org\/publications\/the-herpetological-bulletin\/issue-number-138-winter-2016\/970-14-i-mimophis-mahfalensis-i-common-big-eyed-snake-predation-on-i-furcifer-major-i-giant-carpet-chameleon-in-isalo-madagascar\/file\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-126\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 122 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-127\"><span>123<\/span><div>Andriamandimbiarisoa, L.N. (2007): Contribution \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e8tude de l\u2019histoire de trois esp\u00e8ces de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons de la region de Toliary, <em>Furcifer verrucosus<\/em> (Grandidier, 1872) et <em>Furcifer antimena<\/em> (Grandidier, 1872): biologie, \u00e9cologie et \u00e9thologie de la reproduction. M\u00e9moire DEA, unpublished. D\u00e9partement de Biologie Animale, University of Antananarivo, Madagascar. 73 pages. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/document\/show\/230839\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-127\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 123 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-128\"><span>124<\/span><div>Edmonds, D.A., Sam-Edmonds, S.S. (2024): Predation on the chameleons <em>Calumma crypticum<\/em> Raxworthy and Nussbaum, 2006 and <em>C. gastrotaenia<\/em> (Boulenger, 1888) by the snake <em>Compsophis infralineatus<\/em> (G\u00fcnther, 1882) near Mandraka, Madagascar. Herpetology Notes 17: 327-328. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https:\/\/www.biotaxa.org\/hn\/article\/view\/85200\/80490&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjopczhvZqVAxXhRfEDHQlwDVMQFnoECBcQAQ&amp;usg=AOvVaw2mC52hNl2WywOx2o069I16\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-128\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 124 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-129\"><span>125<\/span><div>Edmonds, D.A., Sam-Edmonds, S.S. (2024): Predation on the chameleons <em>Calumma crypticum<\/em> Raxworthy and Nussbaum, 2006 and <em>C. gastrotaenia<\/em> (Boulenger, 1888) by the snake <em>Compsophis infralineatus<\/em> (G\u00fcnther, 1882) near Mandraka, Madagascar. Herpetology Notes 17: 327-328. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/384147944_Predation_on_the_chameleons_Calumma_crypticum_Raxworthy_and_Nussbaum_2006_and_C_gastrotaenia_Boulenger_1888_by_the_snake_Compsophis_infralineatus_Gunther_1882_near_Mandraka_Madagascar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-129\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 125 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-130\"><span>126<\/span><div>Glaw, F., Vences, M. (2007): Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar. 3<sup>rd<\/sup> edition. Vences &amp; Glaw Verlag, Cologne, Germany. 498 pp.  <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-130\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 126 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-131\"><span>127<\/span><div>Kaloloha, A., Misandeau, C., Gehring, P.-S. (2011): Notes on the diversity and natural history of the snake fauna of Ambodiriana-Manompana, a protected rainforest site in north-eastern Madagascar. Herpetology Notes 4: 397-402. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org\/paper\/Notes-on-the-diversity-and-natural-history-of-the-a-Kaloloha-Misandeau\/4aa01ab61434ae19c2c40800663886c80e8f054a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-131\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 127 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-132\"><span>128<\/span><div>Raxworthy, C.J. (1988): Reptiles, Rainforest and Conservation in Madagascar. Biological Conservation 43: 181-211. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/0006320788901139\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-132\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 128 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-133\"><span>129<\/span><div>Glaw, F., Vences, M. (1996): Seltene Schlangen aus Madagaskar. TI Magazin 132: 41-45. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/de\/document\/view\/9397256\/seltene-schlangen-aus-madagaskar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-133\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 129 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-134\"><span>130<\/span><div>Knoll, A., Glaw, F., K\u00f6hler, J. (2009): The Malagasy snake <em>Pseudoxyrhophus ambreensis<\/em> preys upon chameleon eggs by shell slitting. Herpetology Notes 2: 161-162. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/document\/show\/263150\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-134\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 130 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-135\"><span>131<\/span><div>Viol, A.L., Crowell, H.L., Lee, J.L., Schramer, T.D. (2025): Langaha madagascariensis (Malagasy Leaf-nosed Snake). Diet and reproduction. Herpetological Review 55(2): 284. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/389631879_LANGAHA_MADAGASCARIENSIS_Malagasy_Leaf-nosed_Snake_DIET_and_REPRODUCTION\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-135\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 131 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-136\"><span>132<\/span><div>Tingle, J.L. (2012): Field observations on the behavioral ecology of the Madagascan Leaf-nosed Snake, <em>Langaha madagascariensis<\/em>. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 7(3): 442-448. <a href=\"https:\/\/herpconbio.org\/Volume_7\/Issue_3\/Tingle_2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-136\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 132 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-137\"><span>133<\/span><div>Ren\u00e9 de Roland, A., Razarazafy, D., Fabrice, S. (2025): Predation on <em>Furcifer<\/em> sp. by Oustalet\u2019s Chameleon, <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em> (Mocquard, 1894), in the Central Highlands of Madagascar. Herpetology Notes 18: 305-306. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/392315972_Predation_on_Fulcifer_sp_by_Oustalet%27s_Chameleon_Fulcifer_oustaleti_Mocquard_1894_in_the_Central_Highlands_of_Madagascar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-137\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 133 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-138\"><span>134<\/span><div>Metcalf, J., Bayly, N., Bisoa, M., Rabearivony, J., Stewart-Jones, A. (2005): <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em>, <em>Furcifer rhinoceratus<\/em>. Predation. Herpetological Review 36(4): 447-448. <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-138\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 134 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-139\"><span>135<\/span><div>D\u2019Cruze, N., Sabel, J.A. (2005): <em>Ptychadena mascariensis<\/em> (Mascarene ridged frog): Predation on an endemic Malagasy chameleon. Herpetological Bulletin 93: 26-27. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebhs.org\/publications\/the-herpetological-bulletin\/issue-number-93-autumn-2005\/2984-hb093-08\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-139\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 135 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-140\"><span>136<\/span><div>Vences, M., Glaw, F., Zapp, C. (1999): Stomach content analyses in Malagasy frogs of the genera <em>Tomoptera<\/em>, <em>Aglyptodactylus<\/em>, <em>Boophis<\/em>, and <em>Mantidactylus<\/em> (Anura: Ranidae). Herpetozoa 11 (3\/4): 109-116. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zobodat.at\/pdf\/HER_11_3_4_0109-0116.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-140\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 136 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-141\"><span>137<\/span><div>Parcher, S.R. (1974): Observations on the Natural Histories of Six Malagasy Chamaeleontidae. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Tierpsychologie 34:500\u2013523. <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1439-0310.1974.tb01818.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-141\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 137 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-142\"><span>138<\/span><div>Oda, R. (1996): Predation on a Chameleon by a Ring-Tailed Lemur (<em>Lemur catta<\/em>) in the Berenty Reserve, Madagascar. Folia Primatologica 67:40\u201343. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/239783040_Predation_on_a_Chameleon_by_a_Ring-Tailed_Lemur_Lemur_catta_in_the_Berenty_Reserve_Madagascar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-142\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 138 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-143\"><span>139<\/span><div>Jolly, A., Caless, S., Cavigelli, S., Gould, L., Pereira, M.E., Pitts, A., Pride, R.E., Rabenandrasana, H.D., Walker, J.D., Zafison, T. (2000): Infant killing, wounding and predation in <em>Eulemur <\/em>and <em>Lemur<\/em>. International Journal of Primatology 21:21-40. <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1005467411880\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-143\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 139 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-144\"><span>140<\/span><div>Simmen, B., Hladik, A., Ramasiarisoa, P. (2003): \u00a0Food intake and dietary overlap in native <em>Lemur catta<\/em> and <em>Propithecus verreauxi<\/em> and introduced <em>Eulemur fulvus<\/em> at Berenty, southern Madagascar. International Journal of Primatology 24: 949\u2013968. <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1026366309980\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-144\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 140 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-145\"><span>141<\/span><div>Ichino, S., Rambeloarivony, H. (2011): \u00a0New cases of vertebrate predation by the ring-tailed lemur (<em>Lemur catta<\/em>), with reference to differences from <em>Eulemur<\/em> species and other primates. African Study Monographs 32: 69\u201380. <a href=\"https:\/\/repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp\/bitstreams\/5a08d2b8-db9e-4f29-b907-5bcdbd3a89dd\/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-145\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 141 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-146\"><span>142<\/span><div>Jolly, A., Caless, S., Cavigelli, S., Gould, L., Pereira, M.E., Pitts, A., Pride, R.E., Rabenandrasana, H.D., Walker, J.D., Zafison, T. (2000): Infant killing, wounding and predation in <em>Eulemur <\/em>and <em>Lemur<\/em>. International Journal of Primatology 21:21-40. <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1005467411880\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-146\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 142 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-147\"><span>143<\/span><div>Dammhahn, M., Kappeler, P.M. (2008): Comparative feeding ecology of sympatric <em>Microcebus berthae<\/em> and <em>M. murinus<\/em>. International Journal of Primatology 29: 1567\u20131589. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/biodiv\/content\/documents\/c576eec5-b997-43e7-b742-c5205d79f01e\/1921a8d509cb476db33275277a5d5107.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-147\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 143 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-148\"><span>144<\/span><div>Dammhahn, M., Kappeler, P.M. (2008): Comparative feeding ecology of sympatric <em>Microcebus berthae<\/em> and <em>M. murinus<\/em>. International Journal of Primatology 29: 1567\u20131589. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/biodiv\/content\/documents\/c576eec5-b997-43e7-b742-c5205d79f01e\/1921a8d509cb476db33275277a5d5107.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-148\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 144 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-149\"><span>145<\/span><div> Parcher, S.R. (1974): Observations on the Natural Histories of Six Malagasy Chamaeleontidae. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Tierpsychologie 34:500\u2013523. <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1439-0310.1974.tb01818.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-149\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 145 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-150\"><span>146<\/span><div>Hladik, C.M., Charles-Dominique, P., Petter, J.J. (1980): Feeding strategies of five nocturnal prosimians in the dry forest of the west coast of Madagascar. In <em>Nocturnal Malagasy Primates. \u00a0Ecology, Physiology, and Behavior <\/em>(Charles-Dominique P, Cooper HM, Hladik A, Page E, Pariente GF, et al., eds.), pp. 41\u201373. Academic Press, New York (USA). <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-150\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 146 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-151\"><span>147<\/span><div>Pages, E. (1980): Ethoecology of <em>Microcebus coquereli<\/em> during the dry season. In <em>Nocturnal Malagasy Primates.\u00a0 Ecology, Physiology, and Behavior <\/em>(Charles-Dominique P, Cooper HM, Hladik A, Page E, Pariente GF, et al., eds.), pp. 97\u2013116. Academic Press, New York (USA). <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-151\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 147 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-152\"><span>148<\/span><div>Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-152\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 148 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-153\"><span>149<\/span><div>Hawkins, C.E., Racey, P.A. (2008): Food habits of an endangered carnivore, <em>Cryptoprocta ferox<\/em>, in the dry deciduous forests of western Madagascar. Journal of Mammalogy 89(1): 64-74. <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-153\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 149 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-154\"><span>150<\/span><div>Jenkins Richard K.B., Rabearivony Jeanneney, Rakotomanana Hajanirina (2009): Predation on chameleons in Madagascar: a review. African Journal of Herpetology 58(2): 131-136. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madagasikara-voakajy.org\/17-predation-on-chameleons-in-madagascar-a-review\/file\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-154\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 150 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-155\"><span>151<\/span><div>Thorstrom Russel, Ren\u00e9 de Roland Lily-Arison (2000): First nest description, breeding behaviour and distribution of the Madagascar Serpent-Eagle <em>Eutriorchis astur<\/em>. Ibis 142: 217-224. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Russell-Thorstrom\/publication\/227780668_First_nest_description_breeding_behaviour_and_distribution_of_the_Madagascar_Serpent-Eagle_Eutriorchis_astur\/links\/5aba5685a6fdcc0e3d9ed722\/First-nest-description-breeding-behaviour-and-distribution-of-the-Madagascar-Serpent-Eagle-Eutriorchis-astur.pdf?origin=publicationSearch&amp;_rtd=e30%3D&amp;_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6ImhvbWUiLCJwYWdlIjoic2VhcmNoIiwicG9zaXRpb24iOiJwYWdlSGVhZGVyIn19\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-155\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 151 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-156\"><span>152<\/span><div>Ren\u00e9 de Roland, L.-A., Rabearivony, J.R., Razafimanajato,R. H.R., Obenarimangason, H.R., Thorstrom, R. (2005): Breeding biology and diet of the banded kestrel <em>Falco zoniventris<\/em> on Masoala peninsula. Ostrich 76: 32-36. <a href=\"https:\/\/assets.peregrinefund.org\/docs\/pdf\/research-library\/2005\/2005-Rene-de-Roland-banded-kestrel.pdf\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-156\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 152 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-157\"><span>153<\/span><div>Moger, C. (2004): Birdwatching trip report. Available on <a href=\"http:\/\/www.birdtours.co.uk\/tripreports\/madagascar\/mad7\/mad-oct-04.htm\">http:\/\/www.birdtours.co.uk\/tripreports\/madagascar\/mad7\/mad-oct-04.htm<\/a>  <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-157\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 153 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-158\"><span>154<\/span><div>Colebrook-Robjent, J.F.R. (1973): The breeding of the Madagascar banded kestrel. Bulletin of the British Ornithology club 93: 108-111.  <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-158\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 154 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-159\"><span>155<\/span><div>Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/bulletin-american-museum-natural-history-72-143-499\/page\/378\/mode\/2up?q=falco+zoniventris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-159\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 155 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-160\"><span>156<\/span><div>Thorstrom, R. (1999): A description of the nests, diet and behaviour of the banded kestrel. Ostrich 70: 149-151. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/233084632_A_description_of_nests_diet_and_behaviour_of_the_Banded_Kestrel\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-160\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 156 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-161\"><span>157<\/span><div>Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/bulletin-american-museum-natural-history-72-143-499\/page\/378\/mode\/2up?q=falco+zoniventris\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-161\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 157 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-162\"><span>158<\/span><div>Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. Download <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-162\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 158 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-163\"><span>159<\/span><div>Goodman, S.M., Pidgeon, M., Hawkins, A.F.A., Schulenberg, T.S. (1997): The birds of southeastern Madagascar. Fieldiana Zoology 87: 1-132. Download <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-163\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 159 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-164\"><span>160<\/span><div>Berkelmann, J. (1997): Food habits of the Madagascar buzzard in the rainforest of the Masoala peninsula. The Condor 9: 833-835. <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/condor\/article-abstract\/99\/3\/833\/5124452?redirectedFrom=fulltext\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-164\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 160 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-165\"><span>161<\/span><div>Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. Download <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-165\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 161 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-166\"><span>162<\/span><div> Metcalf, J., Bayly, N., Bisoa, M., Rabearivony, J., Stewart-Jones, A. (2005): <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em>, <em>Furcifer rhinoceratus<\/em>. Predation. Herpetological Review 36(4): 447-448. <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-166\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 162 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-167\"><span>163<\/span><div>Ren\u00e9 de Roland, L-A., Rabearivony, J.R., Randriamanga, I, Thorstrom, R. (2004): Nesting biology and diet of the Madagascar harrier (<em>Circus macrosceles<\/em>) in Ambohitantely Special Reserve, Madagascar. Journal of Raptor Research 38: 256-262. <a href=\"https:\/\/digitalcommons.usf.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=2653&amp;context=jrr\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-167\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 163 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-168\"><span>164<\/span><div>Karpanty, S.M., Goodman, S.M. (1999): Diet of the Madagascar harrier-hawk <em>Polyboroides radiatus<\/em> in south-eastern Madagascar. Journal of Raptor Research 33: 313-316. <a href=\"https:\/\/digitalcommons.usf.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=2397&amp;context=jrr\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-168\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 164 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-169\"><span>165<\/span><div>Goodman, S.M., Langrand, O.L. (1993): Food habits of the barn owl <em>Tyto alba<\/em> at three sites on Madagascar. Ostrich 64(4): 160-171. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/document\/show\/253784\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-169\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 165 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-170\"><span>166<\/span><div>Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/bulletin-american-museum-natural-history-72-143-499\/page\/378\/mode\/2up?q=falco+zoniventris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-170\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 166 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-171\"><span>167<\/span><div>Goodman, S.M., Pidgeon, M., Hawkins, A.F.A., Schulenberg, T.S. (1997): The birds of southeastern Madagascar. Fieldiana Zoology 87: 1-132. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/item\/164285#page\/65\/mode\/1up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-171\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 167 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-172\"><span>168<\/span><div>Goodman, S.M., Pidgeon, M., Hawkins, A.F.A., Schulenberg, T.S. (1997): The birds of southeastern Madagascar. Fieldiana Zoology 87: 1-132. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/item\/164285#page\/65\/mode\/1up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-172\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 168 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-173\"><span>169<\/span><div>Rakotomanana, H., Akamura, M.N., Yamagishi, S. (2001): Breeding ecology of the endemic hook-billed vanga, <em>Vanga curvirostris<\/em>, in Madagascar. Journal of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology. 33: 25-35. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/content\/documents\/ffae6799-245a-4c17-83f5-8de2f7dfe85e\/a7485c0e593947daa1949a8a38d094c8.pdf&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjN_MWai96SAxUKgP0HHZznCuMQFnoECCMQAQ&amp;usg=AOvVaw06gpoWWZ95kWpOzzQ8HlVs\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-173\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 169 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-174\"><span>170<\/span><div>Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/bulletin-american-museum-natural-history-72-143-499\/page\/378\/mode\/2up?q=falco+zoniventris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-174\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 170 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-175\"><span>171<\/span><div>Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/bulletin-american-museum-natural-history-72-143-499\/page\/378\/mode\/2up?q=falco+zoniventris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-175\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 171 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-176\"><span>172<\/span><div>Lamarca, G., Thorstrom, R. (1999): Breeding biology, diet and vocalization of the helmet vanga, <em>Euryceros prevostii<\/em>, on the Masoala Peninsula, Madagascar. Ostrich 71: 400-403. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/241723552_Breeding_biology_diet_and_vocalization_of_the_Helmet_Vanga_Euryceros_prevostii_on_the_Masoala_Peninsula_Madagascar\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-176\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 172 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-177\"><span>173<\/span><div>Thostrom, R., Watson, R.T. (1997): Avian inventory and key species of the Masoala peninsula, Madagascar. Bird Conservation International 7: 99-115. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/231856656_Avian_inventory_and_key_species_of_the_Masoala_Peninsula_Madagascar\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-177\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 173 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-178\"><span>174<\/span><div>Thostrom, R., Lind, J. (1999): First nest description, breeding, ranging and foraging behaviour of the short-legged ground roller <em>Brachypteracias leptosomus<\/em> in Madagascar. Ibis 141: 569-576. <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1474-919X.1999.tb07364.x\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-178\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 174 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-179\"><span>175<\/span><div>Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/bulletin-american-museum-natural-history-72-143-499\/page\/378\/mode\/2up?q=falco+zoniventris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-179\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 175 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-180\"><span>176<\/span><div>Thostrom, R., Watson, R.T. (1997): Avian inventory and key species of the Masoala peninsula, Madagascar. Bird Conservation International 7: 99-115. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/231856656_Avian_inventory_and_key_species_of_the_Masoala_Peninsula_Madagascar\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-180\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 176 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-181\"><span>177<\/span><div>Thostrom, R., Lind, J. (1999): First nest description, breeding, ranging and foraging behaviour of the short-legged ground roller <em>Brachypteracias leptosomus<\/em> in Madagascar. Ibis 141: 569-576. <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1474-919X.1999.tb07364.x\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-181\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 177 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-182\"><span>178<\/span><div>Goodman, S.M., Pidgeon, M., Hawkins, A.F.A., Schulenberg, T.S. (1997): The birds of southeastern Madagascar. Fieldiana Zoology 87: 1-132. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/item\/164285#page\/65\/mode\/1up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-182\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 178 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-183\"><span>179<\/span><div> Metcalf, J., Bayly, N., Bisoa, M., Rabearivony, J., Stewart-Jones, A. (2005): <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em>, <em>Furcifer rhinoceratus<\/em>. Predation. Herpetological Review 36(4): 447-448. <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-183\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 179 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-184\"><span>180<\/span><div>Goodman, S.M., Pidgeon, M., Hawkins, A.F.A., Schulenberg, T.S. (1997): The birds of southeastern Madagascar. Fieldiana Zoology 87: 1-132. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/item\/164285#page\/65\/mode\/1up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-184\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 180 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-185\"><span>181<\/span><div>Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/bulletin-american-museum-natural-history-72-143-499\/page\/378\/mode\/2up?q=falco+zoniventris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-185\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 181 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-186\"><span>182<\/span><div>Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/bulletin-american-museum-natural-history-72-143-499\/page\/378\/mode\/2up?q=falco+zoniventris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-186\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 182 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-187\"><span>183<\/span><div>Goodman, S.M., Pidgeon, M., Hawkins, A.F.A., Schulenberg, T.S. (1997): The birds of southeastern Madagascar. Fieldiana Zoology 87: 1-132. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/item\/164285#page\/65\/mode\/1up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-187\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 183 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-188\"><span>184<\/span><div>Jenkins, R.K.B. (2001): Observations on the white-thorated rail <em>Dryolimnas cuvieri<\/em> in Madagascar. Scopus 21: 65-67. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biodiversitylibrary.org\/item\/164285#page\/65\/mode\/1up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-188\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 184 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-189\"><span>185<\/span><div>Crottini, A., Harris, D.J., Irisarri, I.A., Lima, A., Rasamison, S., Rosa, G.M. (2010): Confirming Domergue: <em>Ithycyphus oursi<\/em> Domergue, 1986 predation upon <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em> (Mocquard, 1894). Herpetology Notes 3: 127-131. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/document\/show\/161129\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-189\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 185 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-190\"><span>186<\/span><div>Domergue, C.A. (1986): Notes sur les serpents de la r\u00e9gion malgache VI. Le genre <em>Ithycyphus<\/em> G\u00fcnther 1973; description de deux esp\u00e8ces Nouvelles. Bulletin du mus\u00e9um national d\u2019histoire naturelle Paris Ser. 4, Sec. A. 8: 409- 434. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/document\/show\/246218\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-190\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 186 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-191\"><span>187<\/span><div> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-191\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 187 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-192\"><span>187<\/span><div>Ava-Leigh. (2017): <em>Ithycyphus miniatus<\/em> feeding on a chameleon. Available on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.istockphoto.com\/de\/foto\/kleine-nacht-schlange-essen-ein-cham%C3%A4leon-nosy-komba-madagaskar-gm885409058-246015731%5b\/mfn\">https:\/\/www.istockphoto.com\/de\/foto\/kleine-nacht-schlange-essen-ein-cham%C3%A4leon-nosy-komba-madagaskar-gm885409058-246015731[\/mfn<\/a>] Mais des observations issues de la pratique de la terrariophilie en Allemagne sugg\u00e8rent \u00e9galement que les cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons constituent une proie de pr\u00e9dilection pour ce serpent.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-191\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"187\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-191\">187<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"187\"><\/span>Glaw, F., Vences, M. (2007): Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar. 3<sup>rd<\/sup> edition. Vences &amp; Glaw Verlag, Cologne, Germany. 498 pp.  <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-192\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 187 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-193\"><span>188<\/span><div>Glaw, F., Vences, M. (2007): Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar. 3<sup>rd<\/sup> edition. Vences &amp; Glaw Verlag, Cologne, Germany. 498 pp.  <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-193\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 188 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-194\"><span>189<\/span><div> Andriamandimbiarisoa, L.N. (2007): Contribution \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e8tude de l\u2019histoire de trois esp\u00e8ces de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons de la region de Toliary, <em>Furcifer verrucosus<\/em> (Grandidier, 1872) et <em>Furcifer antimena<\/em> (Grandidier, 1872): biologie, \u00e9cologie et \u00e9thologie de la reproduction. M\u00e9moire DEA, unpublished. D\u00e9partement de Biologie Animale, University of Antananarivo, Madagascar. 73 pages. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/document\/show\/230839\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-194\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 189 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-195\"><span>190<\/span><div>Glaw, F., Vences, M. (1996): Seltene Schlangen aus Madagaskar. TI Magazin 132: 41-45. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/de\/document\/view\/9397256\/seltene-schlangen-aus-madagaskar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-195\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 190 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-196\"><span>191<\/span><div>Negro, A., Radimbiniaina, H.Z. (2026): Rotten ready-to-eat: observation of a Malagasy Cat-eyed Snake, <em>Madagascarophis colubrinus<\/em> (Schlegel, 1837), feeding on the carcass of a Panther Chameleon, <em>Furcifer pardalis<\/em> (Cuvier, 1829). Herpetology Notes 19: 399-401. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/publikationen\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-196\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 191 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-197\"><span>192<\/span><div>Kryukova, E.V., Ivanov, D.A., Kopylova, N.V., Starkov, V.G., Andreeva, T.V., Ivanov, I.A., Tsetlin, V.I., Utkin, Yu. N. (2023): A new peptide from the venom of the Madagascar cat-eyed snake <em>Madagascarophis colubrinus<\/em> blocks nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry 49(3): 529-537. <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1134\/S1068162023030159\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-197\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 192 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-198\"><span>193<\/span><div>Rosa, G.M., Boistel, R., Campantico, E., Gillet, B., Berg\u00f2, P.E., Andreone, F. (2014): Case solved: presence of toxin-secreting oral glands in the lamprophiid snake <em>Mimophis mahfalensis<\/em> (Grandidier, 1867) from Madagascar. Zoomorphology 133: 417-423. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/document\/show\/286447\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-198\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 193 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-199\"><span>194<\/span><div> Ruane, S., Myers, E.A., Lo, K., Yuen, S., Welt, R.S., Juman, M., Futterman, I., Nussbaum, R.A., Schneider, G., Burbrink, F.T., Raxworthy, C.J. (2017): Unrecognized species diversity and new insights into colour pattern polymorphism within the widespread Malagasy snake <em>Mimophis<\/em> (Serpentes: Lamprohiidae). Systematics and Biodiversity 16(3): 1-16. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/document\/show\/286871\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-199\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 194 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-200\"><span>195<\/span><div> Metcalf, J., Bayly, N., Bisoa, M., Rabearivony, J., Stewart-Jones, A. (2005): <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em>, <em>Furcifer rhinoceratus<\/em>. Predation. Herpetological Review 36(4): 447-448. <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-200\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 195 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-201\"><span>196<\/span><div> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-201\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 196 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-202\"><span>196<\/span><div> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-2285525\/Snake-vs-chameleon-Moment-savage-serpent-strikes-defenceless-animal-toxic-paralysing-poison-eats-lunch.html%5b\/mfn\">https:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-2285525\/Snake-vs-chameleon-Moment-savage-serpent-strikes-defenceless-animal-toxic-paralysing-poison-eats-lunch.html[\/mfn<\/a>]\u00a0Pr\u00e8s du massif de l&rsquo;Andringitra, au sud-est de Madagascar, des scientifiques ont captur\u00e9 un <em>Mimophis mahfalensis<\/em> dont ils ont d\u00e9couvert, dans l&rsquo;estomac, un <em>Furcifer willsii<\/em> r\u00e9cemment ing\u00e9r\u00e9.<sup id=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-201\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"196\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-201\">196<\/a><\/sup><span role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"196\"><\/span> Lob\u00f3n-Rovira, J., Belluardo, F., Rasoazanany, M., Rosa, G.M., Crottini, A. (2020): Canopy chameleon (<em>Furcifer willsii<\/em>) consumption by common big-eyed snake (<em>Mimophis mahfalensis<\/em>) in Fivahona Forest, eastern Madagascar. Malagasy Nature 14: 81-83. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/348382337_Canopy_chameleon_Furcifer_willsii_consumption_by_common_big-eyed_snake_Mimophis_mahfalensis_in_Fivahona_Forest_eastern_Madagascar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-202\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 196 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-203\"><span>197<\/span><div> Rosa, G.M., Castelo Branco, J., Couto, H., Berg\u00f2, P.E., Andreone, F. (2016): <em>Mimophis mahfalensis<\/em> (common big-eyed snake) predation on <em>Furcifer major<\/em> (giant carpet chameleon) in Isalo, Madagascar. The Herpetological Bulletin 138: 40-41. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebhs.org\/publications\/the-herpetological-bulletin\/issue-number-138-winter-2016\/970-14-i-mimophis-mahfalensis-i-common-big-eyed-snake-predation-on-i-furcifer-major-i-giant-carpet-chameleon-in-isalo-madagascar\/file\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-203\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 197 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-204\"><span>198<\/span><div>Andriamandimbiarisoa, L.N. (2007): Contribution \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e8tude de l\u2019histoire de trois esp\u00e8ces de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons de la region de Toliary, <em>Furcifer verrucosus<\/em> (Grandidier, 1872) et <em>Furcifer antimena<\/em> (Grandidier, 1872): biologie, \u00e9cologie et \u00e9thologie de la reproduction. M\u00e9moire DEA, unpublished. D\u00e9partement de Biologie Animale, University of Antananarivo, Madagascar. 73 pages. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/document\/show\/230839\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-204\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 198 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-205\"><span>199<\/span><div>Edmonds, D.A., Sam-Edmonds, S.S. (2024): Predation on the chameleons <em>Calumma crypticum<\/em> Raxworthy and Nussbaum, 2006 and <em>C. gastrotaenia<\/em> (Boulenger, 1888) by the snake <em>Compsophis infralineatus<\/em> (G\u00fcnther, 1882) near Mandraka, Madagascar. Herpetology Notes 17: 327-328. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https:\/\/www.biotaxa.org\/hn\/article\/view\/85200\/80490&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjopczhvZqVAxXhRfEDHQlwDVMQFnoECBcQAQ&amp;usg=AOvVaw2mC52hNl2WywOx2o069I16\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-205\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 199 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-206\"><span>200<\/span><div>Edmonds, D.A., Sam-Edmonds, S.S. (2024): Predation on the chameleons <em>Calumma crypticum<\/em> Raxworthy and Nussbaum, 2006 and <em>C. gastrotaenia<\/em> (Boulenger, 1888) by the snake <em>Compsophis infralineatus<\/em> (G\u00fcnther, 1882) near Mandraka, Madagascar. Herpetology Notes 17: 327-328. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/384147944_Predation_on_the_chameleons_Calumma_crypticum_Raxworthy_and_Nussbaum_2006_and_C_gastrotaenia_Boulenger_1888_by_the_snake_Compsophis_infralineatus_Gunther_1882_near_Mandraka_Madagascar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-206\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 200 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-207\"><span>201<\/span><div>Glaw, F., Vences, M. (2007): Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar. 3<sup>rd<\/sup> edition. Vences &amp; Glaw Verlag, Cologne, Germany. 498 pp.  <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-207\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 201 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-208\"><span>202<\/span><div>Kaloloha, A., Misandeau, C., Gehring, P.-S. (2011): Notes on the diversity and natural history of the snake fauna of Ambodiriana-Manompana, a protected rainforest site in north-eastern Madagascar. Herpetology Notes 4: 397-402. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org\/paper\/Notes-on-the-diversity-and-natural-history-of-the-a-Kaloloha-Misandeau\/4aa01ab61434ae19c2c40800663886c80e8f054a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-208\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 202 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-209\"><span>203<\/span><div>Raxworthy, C.J. (1988): Reptiles, Rainforest and Conservation in Madagascar. Biological Conservation 43: 181-211. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/0006320788901139\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-209\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 203 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-210\"><span>204<\/span><div>Glaw, F., Vences, M. (1996): Seltene Schlangen aus Madagaskar. TI Magazin 132: 41-45. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/de\/document\/view\/9397256\/seltene-schlangen-aus-madagaskar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-210\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 204 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-211\"><span>205<\/span><div>Knoll, A., Glaw, F., K\u00f6hler, J. (2009): The Malagasy snake <em>Pseudoxyrhopus ambreensis<\/em> preys upon chameleon eggs by shell slitting. Herpetology Notes 2: 161-162. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/document\/show\/263150\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-211\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 205 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-212\"><span>206<\/span><div>Viol, A.L., Crowell, H.L., Lee, J.L., Schramer, T.D. (2025): Langaha madagascariensis (Malagasy Leaf-nosed Snake). Diet and reproduction. Herpetological Review 55(2): 284. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/389631879_LANGAHA_MADAGASCARIENSIS_Malagasy_Leaf-nosed_Snake_DIET_and_REPRODUCTION\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-212\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 206 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-213\"><span>207<\/span><div>Tingle, J.L. (2012): Field observations on the behavioral ecology of the Madagascan Leaf-nosed Snake, <em>Langaha madagascariensis<\/em>. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 7(3): 442-448. <a href=\"https:\/\/herpconbio.org\/Volume_7\/Issue_3\/Tingle_2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-213\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 207 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-214\"><span>208<\/span><div>Ren\u00e9 de Roland, A., Razarazafy, D., Fabrice, S. (2025): Predation on <em>Furcifer<\/em> sp. by Oustalet\u2019s Chameleon, <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em> (Mocquard, 1894), in the Central Highlands of Madagascar. Herpetology Notes 18: 305-306. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/392315972_Predation_on_Fulcifer_sp_by_Oustalet%27s_Chameleon_Fulcifer_oustaleti_Mocquard_1894_in_the_Central_Highlands_of_Madagascar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-214\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 208 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-215\"><span>209<\/span><div>Metcalf, J., Bayly, N., Bisoa, M., Rabearivony, J., Stewart-Jones, A. (2005): <em>Furcifer oustaleti<\/em>, <em>Furcifer rhinoceratus<\/em>. Predation. Herpetological Review 36(4): 447-448. <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-215\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 209 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-216\"><span>210<\/span><div>D\u2019Cruze, N., Sabel, J.A. (2005): <em>Ptychadena mascariensis<\/em> (Mascarene ridged frog): Predation on an endemic Malagasy chameleon. Herpetological Bulletin 93: 26-27. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebhs.org\/publications\/the-herpetological-bulletin\/issue-number-93-autumn-2005\/2984-hb093-08\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-216\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 210 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-217\"><span>211<\/span><div>Vences, M., Glaw, F., Zapp, C. (1999): Stomach content analyses in Malagasy frogs of the genera <em>Tomoptera<\/em>, <em>Aglyptodactylus<\/em>, <em>Boophis<\/em>, and <em>Mantidactylus<\/em> (Anura: Ranidae). Herpetozoa 11 (3\/4): 109-116. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zobodat.at\/pdf\/HER_11_3_4_0109-0116.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-217\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 211 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-218\"><span>212<\/span><div>Parcher, S.R. (1974): Observations on the Natural Histories of Six Malagasy Chamaeleontidae. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Tierpsychologie 34:500\u2013523. <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1439-0310.1974.tb01818.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-218\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 212 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-219\"><span>213<\/span><div>Oda, R. (1996): Predation on a Chameleon by a Ring-Tailed Lemur (<em>Lemur catta<\/em>) in the Berenty Reserve, Madagascar. Folia Primatologica 67:40\u201343. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/239783040_Predation_on_a_Chameleon_by_a_Ring-Tailed_Lemur_Lemur_catta_in_the_Berenty_Reserve_Madagascar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-219\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 213 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-220\"><span>214<\/span><div>Jolly, A., Caless, S., Cavigelli, S., Gould, L., Pereira, M.E., Pitts, A., Pride, R.E., Rabenandrasana, H.D., Walker, J.D., Zafison, T. (2000): Infant killing, wounding and predation in <em>Eulemur <\/em>and <em>Lemur<\/em>. International Journal of Primatology 21:21-40. <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1005467411880\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-220\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 214 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-221\"><span>215<\/span><div>Simmen, B., Hladik, A., Ramasiarisoa, P. (2003): \u00a0Food intake and dietary overlap in native <em>Lemur catta<\/em> and <em>Propithecus verreauxi<\/em> and introduced <em>Eulemur fulvus<\/em> at Berenty, southern Madagascar. International Journal of Primatology 24: 949\u2013968. <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1026366309980\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-221\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 215 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-222\"><span>216<\/span><div>Ichino, S., Rambeloarivony, H. (2011): \u00a0New cases of vertebrate predation by the ring-tailed lemur (<em>Lemur catta<\/em>), with reference to differences from <em>Eulemur<\/em> species and other primates. African Study Monographs 32: 69\u201380. <a href=\"https:\/\/repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp\/bitstreams\/5a08d2b8-db9e-4f29-b907-5bcdbd3a89dd\/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-222\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 216 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-223\"><span>217<\/span><div>Jolly, A., Caless, S., Cavigelli, S., Gould, L., Pereira, M.E., Pitts, A., Pride, R.E., Rabenandrasana, H.D., Walker, J.D., Zafison, T. (2000): Infant killing, wounding and predation in <em>Eulemur <\/em>and <em>Lemur<\/em>. International Journal of Primatology 21:21-40. <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1005467411880\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-223\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 217 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-224\"><span>218<\/span><div>Dammhahn, M., Kappeler, P.M. (2008): Comparative feeding ecology of sympatric <em>Microcebus berthae<\/em> and <em>M. murinus<\/em>. International Journal of Primatology 29: 1567\u20131589. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/biodiv\/content\/documents\/c576eec5-b997-43e7-b742-c5205d79f01e\/1921a8d509cb476db33275277a5d5107.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-224\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 218 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-225\"><span>219<\/span><div>Dammhahn, M., Kappeler, P.M. (2008): Comparative feeding ecology of sympatric <em>Microcebus berthae<\/em> and <em>M. murinus<\/em>. International Journal of Primatology 29: 1567\u20131589. <a href=\"https:\/\/protectedareas.mg\/biodiv\/content\/documents\/c576eec5-b997-43e7-b742-c5205d79f01e\/1921a8d509cb476db33275277a5d5107.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-225\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 219 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-226\"><span>220<\/span><div> Parcher, S.R. (1974): Observations on the Natural Histories of Six Malagasy Chamaeleontidae. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Tierpsychologie 34:500\u2013523. <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1439-0310.1974.tb01818.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download<\/a> <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-226\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 220 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-227\"><span>221<\/span><div>Hladik, C.M., Charles-Dominique, P., Petter, J.J. (1980): Feeding strategies of five nocturnal prosimians in the dry forest of the west coast of Madagascar. In <em>Nocturnal Malagasy Primates. \u00a0Ecology, Physiology, and Behavior <\/em>(Charles-Dominique P, Cooper HM, Hladik A, Page E, Pariente GF, et al., eds.), pp. 41\u201373. Academic Press, New York (USA). <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-227\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 221 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-228\"><span>222<\/span><div>Pages, E. (1980): Ethoecology of <em>Microcebus coquereli<\/em> during the dry season. In <em>Nocturnal Malagasy Primates.\u00a0 Ecology, Physiology, and Behavior <\/em>(Charles-Dominique P, Cooper HM, Hladik A, Page E, Pariente GF, et al., eds.), pp. 97\u2013116. Academic Press, New York (USA). <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-228\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 222 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-229\"><span>223<\/span><div>Rand, A.L. (1936): The distribution and habits of the Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 Madagascar. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 72: 143-499. <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-229\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 223 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><li id=\"footnote-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-230\"><span>224<\/span><div>Hawkins, C.E., Racey, P.A. (2008): Food habits of an endangered carnivore, <em>Cryptoprocta ferox<\/em>, in the dry deciduous forests of western Madagascar. Journal of Mammalogy 89(1): 64-74. <a href=\"#mfn-content-000000000000445b0000000000000000_9434-230\" class=\"modern-footnotes-scroll-to-footnote\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 224 in text\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/div><\/li><\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les connaissances sur les pr\u00e9dateurs des cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons malgaches proviennent principalement de t\u00e9moignages anecdotiques et, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, d\u2019\u00e9tudes peu syst\u00e9matiques. Nous observons aussi, de temps \u00e0 autre, des cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons devenant la proie d\u2019autres animaux dans la nature \u00e0 Madagascar. Jenkins, Rabearivony et Rakotomanana ont publi\u00e9 en 2009 la seule synth\u00e8se disponible \u00e0 ce jour sur le sujet. Nous avons r\u00e9dig\u00e9 cet article afin de faire le point sur les connaissances actuelles concernant les pr\u00e9dateurs des cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons malgaches. On peut actuellement consid\u00e9rer qu&rsquo;\u00e0 Madagascar, ce sont principalement les oiseaux et les serpents qui se nourrissent de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons. Oiseaux Les oiseaux sont les pr\u00e9dateurs des cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons malgaches. Ce n&rsquo;est qu&rsquo;\u00e0 une distance consid\u00e9rable que l&rsquo;on trouve d&rsquo;autres pr\u00e9dateurs en nombre significatif. D&rsquo;innombrables observations font \u00e9tat d&rsquo;esp\u00e8ces d&rsquo;oiseaux tr\u00e8s diverses qui se nourrissent occasionnellement, voire r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement, de cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons. Les rapaces diurnes Parmi les oiseaux, deux rapaces m\u00e9ritent une mention particuli\u00e8re : le Firasab\u00e9 de Madagascar (Eutriorchis astur) et le Faucon \u00e0 ventre ray\u00e9. Les cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons semblent repr\u00e9senter une part tr\u00e8s importante du r\u00e9gime alimentaire de ces deux esp\u00e8ces. Tous deux chassent principalement dans la cime des arbres, ce qui fait des cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons, en tant qu\u2019animaux arboricoles, des proies tout d\u00e9sign\u00e9es. Chez le Firasab\u00e9, on&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9465,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42,2545],"tags":[1914,1955,1924,1925,1929,1926,1934,1899,1898,1900,1907,1911,1912,334,1918,1958,1944,1941,1960,1913,637,1967,1968,1943,1908,1927,1928,1933,1905,1939,1922,1906,1975,1972,1974,1771,1923,1959,1963,1954,1965,1915,1961,1932,1919,1949,1948,1969,1664,1964,1970,1937,1950,1910,1938,1942,1917,1946,1930,1976,1971,1947,1956,1935,1953,1951,1920,1901,1966,1945,1977,1903,1902,1904,1940,1952,1973,1909,1957,1916,1837,1921,1936,1962,1931],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9434"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9434"}],"version-history":[{"count":222,"href":"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9434\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16151,"href":"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9434\/revisions\/16151"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9465"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9434"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9434"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madcham.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9434"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}